醫療資訊系統之觀念性架構

A Conceptual Framework for Healthcare Information Systems

譚慶鼎(Ching-Ting Tan)

指導教授 ： 翁崇雄

共同指導教授 ： 湯明哲(Ming-Je Tang)

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/資訊管理學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.10463

摘要

隨著科技的進步以及醫療大環境的改變，醫療資訊管理對於一個醫療體系而言，不僅是營運所需的必要條件，更是組織是否能繼續創新維持競爭力的一個重要關鍵。因此，本研究希望藉著文獻回顧及現況分析，對現今的醫療體系資訊架構提出新的分類方式，並且藉由一個醫療體系其資訊的架構來驗證此一新模式之適用性。

目前的醫學資訊管理學多半將醫療資訊系統依照個別單一作業系統來分類，例如門診醫令系統、住院醫令系統、急診醫令系統、藥局藥庫及藥物資訊系統、放射科資訊及影像管理系統、檢驗資訊系統、護理資訊系統、病歷管理系統、醫院管理系統等等，這樣的分類方式詳細敘述了不同的作業部門所運用的個別系統，但是由於各系統間很多功能互相重複，且隨著新醫療作業的加入，更使得資訊系統的分類過於複雜重疊，而不易瞭解一個完備的醫療資訊架構究竟需要哪些基本元素。

本文採用Laudon及Laudon（2010）的組織觀點而提出醫療體系資訊系統的觀念性架構，此觀念性架構包含：基本資訊系統（Basic Information System，BIS）、管理資訊系統（Management Information System，MIS）、決策支援資訊系統（Decision Support Information System，DSIS）、高階管理者資訊系統（Executive Information System，EIS）。接著以一個醫學中心體系的資訊需求來驗證此模式的可行性及適宜性。

結果顯示，上述之模式可以符合醫療體系目前實際運作、病人教育、專業教學、研究分析的多重需求。而對於一些新的資訊規劃，例如電子病歷、遠距醫療及教學、臨床管理系統等等，都可以含括在此一分類方式下。另外本文也提及有關醫院經營管理的管理資訊系統、決策支援資訊系統和高階管理者資訊系統的應用。

總結，本研究對醫療體系的資訊系統提出一個觀念性架構，並說明其所需要輔助與配合的軟硬體需求，之後經由以T醫療體系及新的醫療運用進行實證探討，獲證本研究所提出之醫療體系資訊系統觀念性架構具有良好的可行性與適宜性。

關鍵字

醫療體系資訊系統 ； 觀念性架構 ； 基本資訊系統 ； 管理資訊系統 ； 決策支援資訊系統 ； 高階管理者資訊系統

並列摘要

Today, due to rapid advancement in technologies and the increasingly complex environment for healthcare, healthcare information management is not only essential for normal operations, but also is the key element for innovation and maintaining competitiveness for healthcare organizations. The purpose of this study is to develop a new classification method for the conceptual framework of healthcare information system through literature review and content analysis; and to demonstrate its adequacy by illustrating the information structure of a healthcare organization.

Current healthcare information system is often categorized based on the individual function of the unit, such as outpatient clinic information system, inpatient information system, emergency information system, pharmacy information system, picture archiving and communication system, laboratory information system, nursing information system, health record management system, and hospital management system. Such categorization describes the individual systems used by different departments in great detail; however, it has become overly complicated because of duplicate or overlapping functions and the addition of new healthcare operations. It is rather challenging to identify the essential components to build the conceptual framework for a comprehensive healthcare information system.

To explore the healthcare information system conceptual framework, this study applied Laudon and Laudon’s theory, including Basic Information System, Management Information System, Decision Support Information System, and Executive Information System. We then evaluated the information requirements of a medical center to verify the feasibility and suitability of this conceptual framework.

This study found that the conceptual framework meet the multi-faceted needs of healthcare organizations. As to newly developed information planning, e.g. electronic healthcare record, telemedicine, and clinical management system, it can also be categorized using this method. In addition, this study illustrated the application of management information system, decision-support information system and executive information system.

In conclusion, this study proposes a new conceptual framework for healthcare information system as well as the necessary hardware and software requirements. Through comprehensive analysis and assessment using the T healthcare system and latest application of healthcare information, the study has demonstrated the adequacy, suitability and effectiveness of this conceptual framework.

並列關鍵字

healthcare system information system ； conceptual framework ； basic information system ； management information system ； decision support information system ； executive information system

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