西洋參生物轉化物不可消化醣類之分子結構特徵及其免疫活性分析

利用靈芝發酵西洋參渣可增進生物轉化物之抗發炎免疫活性。西洋參渣為近年來保健食品蓬勃發展所衍生之食品工業廢棄物，由於原存於西洋參之活性多醣一般認為是屬果膠多醣所貢獻，較易殘存於細胞壁中不易釋出，而靈芝屬白腐菌可降解植物細胞壁，故期望藉由靈芝發酵促使殘存於西洋參渣中活性多醣的釋出，或利用其生物轉化作用以增進發酵產物之生理活性。本研究以西洋參渣為靈芝固態發酵的基質進行生物轉化，並探討生物轉化物中不可消化醣類之分子結構特徵及其免疫調節活性。生物轉化物之不可消化多醣層 (NDPS) 與短鏈醣層 (SCC) 於RAW264.7巨噬細胞模式中皆具有抑制LPS誘導NO釋放之活性，進一步利用電荷差異對NDPS與SCC進行區分並篩選各區分之免疫活性，結果顯示NDPS與SCC之F1區分皆具有顯著抑制LPS誘導RAW264.7釋放NO、TNF-α的活性，並可抑制LPS所引起NF-κB基因之表現。此二區分皆以中性醣為主且醣組成相似，主要為半乳糖及葡萄糖，亦含有豐富的岩藻糖，與果膠抗體皆無親和反應，顯示此二區分之活性成分可能為靈芝菌絲生長時所產生之多醣體，或轉化基質西洋參渣後所產生之新活性物質，此外，由於岩藻糖於多醣的生理活性表現中常扮演重要角色，推測生物轉化物所具有之抗發炎免疫活性可能亦與岩藻糖的存在有關。綜合上述，本研究以西洋參渣作為靈芝固態發酵之基質可提升生物轉化物中抗發炎相關之活性多醣的含量，進而增進其免疫調節之功效。

關鍵字

西洋參；靈芝；生物轉化；不可消化醣類；抗發炎活性

並列摘要

The anti-inflammatory activity could be enhanced by using American ginseng residues as the media for Ganoderma lucidun in solid-state fermentation. American ginseng residue is one of food industrial wastes with the ginseng-related health food products development. In generally, the polysaccharide with bioactivities in American ginseng is usually considered as one of the pectin polysaccharide, and thus may remain in the cell wall structure during extraction. Ganoderma lucidun is one of white rot fungi and can produce many enzymes to degrade the plant cell wall. Use this property may promote the release of bioactive polysaccharide, or to transform the ingredient from residue into new compounds. The objective of this thesis is to obtain the bioconversion products by using American ginseng residue as the media for Ganoderma lucidum, and to explore the molecular characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of nondigestible carbohydrate in bioconversion products. The Nondigestible water-soluble polysaccharide (NDPS) and short chain carbohydrate (SCC) in bioconversion products significantly inhibit the LPS-induced NO releasing in RAW264.7 macrophage. The NDPS and SCC were further fractionated by the charge density, the result shows that the F1 of NDPS and SCC both significantly inhibit the LPS-induced NO and TNF-α releasing in RAW264.7 macrophage, and also inhibit the LPS-induced NF-κB gene expression. The monosaccharide compositions of these two fractions are similar, which mainly consists of Gal, Glc and Fuc. Because fucose frequently plays an important role in the bioactivity from fucose-containing polysaccharides, the anti-inflammatory activity of bioconversion product may due to the existence of fucose. The results above suggest that fermenting American ginseng residues with Ganoderma lucidun could enhance anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in bioconversion product.