無線監測暨電壓同步技術應用於太陽能系統

為了減少全球氣候暖化所造成的負面影響，世界上許多國家提出了再生能源的相關議題，其中以太陽能最為被提倡，因為太陽能擁有穩定的能量來源，利用太陽能發電不僅能降低二氧化碳的排放，亦可以減緩溫室效應的發生。自2012年以來，台灣推動再生能源的計畫，以期建立和推廣太陽光電系統，而太陽光電系統架設位置和周圍的環境會直接影響其能量轉換效率，以資源和預算為考量，監測太陽光電系統的運作情形和穩定度有其必要性。在監測技術的相關研究中，無線感測器網路(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)擁有體積小、方便佈建及成本低廉等優點，故本研究利用電氣係數和環境參數感測器搭配無線通訊節點，建構無線感測器網路，進行太陽光電系統的監測。透過長期監測結果，發現太陽能發電系統在實務上受到環境多變的影響，經由同樣最大功率點追蹤(Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT)之演算法，在同樣環境，同樣材質的太陽能陣列，其輸出電壓和輸出電流並不相近，甚至具有差異性，故本研究希望建立一套具有電壓同步技術的無線感測器網路應用於太陽光電系統，降低環境多變的因素所導致之最大功率點追蹤上的失誤，降低發電量的損失。本研究將物聯網之概念導入太陽光電系統，使系統間能互相溝通，達到監測和優化的目的，本研究所提出之電壓同步技術可應用於所有最大功率點追蹤演算法上，以提升太陽光電系統之總體產能。

關鍵字

無線感測器網路；物聯網；最大功率點追蹤；電壓同步技術

並列摘要

To reduce the negative impact caused by global warming on the environment, the governments of many countries in the world have already initiated many renewable energy projects. In most cases the use of renewable energy such as power generated by photovoltaic (PV) panels is able to considerably reduce certain carbon dioxide emissions. This merit makes PV panels a reliable energy source and an efficient mitigation lever against global warming. Since 2012, the Ministry of Economic Affairs of Taiwan has also developed a renewable energy program, which aims to build and promote a series of solar systems in real industrial implementation. The location of a solar system and the surrounding environmental factors directly affect the efficiency of energy conversion. With the limitations on resources and budgets, to monitor the energy generation of solar photovoltaic systems in real time, it is necessary to ensure the status and stability of the systems. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the technologies often used in the studies on monitoring systems, and it has the advantages of small sizes, convenience of setting up, and low cost. Sensor nodes can provide information of electrical and environmental parameters. In an ideal situation, the maximum power points (MPPs) must be quite close for PV panels manufactured by the same material and located in similar environments, if the same algorithms of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) are used. But in a practical situation, the MPPs might be different due to rapidly changing environmental conditions. This study therefore purposed a voltage synchronizing technique for solar systems, through which the errors of MPPT algorithms caused by a rapidly changing environment could be avoided, and the technique could increase the power generation efficiency of solar systems. Moreover, the concept of IoT was applied to the development of the voltage synchronizing technique. The technique allowed the systems to communicate with each other to achieve the goal of monitoring and optimizing the systems based on the IoT technology. The voltage synchronizing technique this study was applicable to all MPPT techniques. The technique could increase the total power generating capacity of solar systems.

並列關鍵字

Internet of Things ； wireless sensor network ； maximum power point tracking ； voltage synchronizing technique

參考文獻

Azab, Mohamed. 2008. A new maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems. WASET. ORG 34: 571-574.

Ahmad, Jawad. 2010. A fractional open circuit voltage based maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic arrays. 2nd International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering (ICSTE), Vol. 1.

Baronti, P., Pillai, P., Chook, V. W., Chessa, S., Gotta, A., and Hu, Y. F. 2007. Wireless sensor networks: A survey on the state of the art and the 802.15. 4 and ZigBee standards. Computer communications. 30(7): 1655-1695.

Borowy, B. S., and Salameh, Z. M. 1996. Methodology for optimally sizing the combination of a battery bank and PV array in a wind/PV hybrid system. IEEE Transactions on Energy conversion. 11(2): 367-375.

Elsersy, Mohamed, and Michel Fattouche. 2010. A rate-based scheme for minimizing the cost of wireless sensor networks. Computer Engineering Conference (ICENCO), 2010 International. IEEE.

國際替代計量

無線監測暨電壓同步技術應用於太陽能系統

全文下載

主題瀏覽