- 學位論文
都會區固體廢棄物管理溫室氣體盤查與分析
Greenhouse Gases Inventory and Analysis from Municipal Solid Waste Management
摘要
摘 要 探討都會區固體廢棄物管理（MSWM）與氣候變遷兩者間的相關性時，需考量廢棄物的量及其物理組成，而其組成百分比與數量常受地域環境、民眾生活習慣以及廢棄物處理方法上的差異，而有不同的溫室氣體(GHGs)排放量，因此本土化的研究亦加顯其重要性。本研究首先以生命週期盤查的研究方法，以區域性觀點，建構台灣都會區台北市的家戶固體廢棄物管理架構模式，並增入補償系統以擴充系統邊界，評估分析與比較各類別MSWM方案溫室氣體排放量。由於焚化處理MSW是人口密集城市最優先考慮的廢棄物處理方法，為符合京都議定書要求會員國應減少GHGs的排放承諾，在廢棄物管理部門中使用焚化處理所排放的二氧化碳量就顯得特別重要，因此本研究接續MSWM在GHGs排放量的評估後，以無母數統計分析的方法，分別以焚化廠煙道CO2檢測排放量及IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 指南估算的排放量做比較分析，同時納入焚化的廢棄物物理組成百分比與排放量之間做相關性探討。 有關MSW管理GHGs排放量的評估，經分析比較結果，在固體廢棄物管理次模式中每功能單位排放量，以資源回收方案對溫室氣體排放減量成效最高，而以廚餘養豬方案所排放的溫室氣體量最多。對於垃圾收運車輛尾斗滿載操作的重視以及回收為主焚化為輔的管理策略，將有助於達成MSWM對於溫室氣體減量成果之目標。有關廢棄物焚化處理煙道二氧化碳排放經分析比較結果，IPCC指南估算與檢測煙道的排放量，在平均值95%信賴區間內有明顯71%差異，且兩者排放量分佈皆為非常態分佈。就廢棄物物理組成百分比與排放量間的相關性，呈顯著正相關者有IPCC指南估算高度相關的塑膠類(R2 = .97)；以及檢測排放量中度相關的木竹稻草落葉類(R2 = .16)。呈顯著中度負相關者有IPCC指南估算的廚餘類(R2 = .274)及其他類(R2 = .292)；以及檢測排放量的廚餘類(R2 = .243)。 本研究所建立之廢棄物生命週期盤查模式，已可將來自廢棄物各管理方案在溫室氣體排放及匯池(sinks)用量化方式最完整的呈現，且所發展之排放量差異及相關性統計方法與分析程序，明確界定出廢棄物焚化處理過程中廢棄物組成百分比及其排放量間交互作用的影響關係，將能有效提供相同或類似的MSWM在廢棄物處理時，對於溫室氣體排放量的評估分析使用，且所得之分析結果也能提供廢棄物管理階層或決策者正確資訊，在為達成減緩溫室氣體排放量目標下，仍可規劃一個完善與良好的MSWM系統，以建構高環境品質與生活水準的永續都會城市。
並列摘要
Abstract As exploring the correlation between Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) and climate change, the volume and physical composition fraction of the waste matter must be taken into account. The quantity and composition of waste are varies due to differences in local environments and lifestyles of publics as well as waste treatment methods. Local research must be highlighted since different volumes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted. The present study relates quantifying the data and adopting a region-based approach in Taipei City, a metropolitan region in Taiwan, by using Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) method to create a model of household MSWM. Besides, a compensatory system was added to expand the system boundary to allow analysis and compare the GHGs emission from MSWM, and proffer incineration is the primary method of waste disposal in densely populated urban areas. The Kyoto Protocol requires the signatory states to commit the reduction of GHG emissions and to set up a GHG emissions trading scheme. It makes the CO2 emissions generated during the incineration process and their effects on climate change as an important issue for the authorities tasked with managing MSW. Hence, the CO2 emissions from incinerators are compared with the estimated emissions in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines by using non-parametric statistical analysis after GHGs emission from MSWM approach in this study. The correlation between the waste components and the emissions was also evaluated. The results of the analysis indicated that out of all the solid waste management sub-models as a function unit, recycling was the most effective method to reduce GHG emissions while using kitchen food waste as swine feeding which contributed the most GHG emissions. As to take account of waste collection vehicles on the operation of hopper compactor under full-load, for recycling disposal strategy to be emphasized and promoted rather then incineration in the waste management system, will help MSWM to achieve its goal of reducing GHG emissions. The results of the CO2 emissions in flue gas analysis showed that the estimated emission from the IPCC Guidelines and the measurements had a significant difference of 71% in the 95% confidence interval, and thus there was non-normal distribution of the emissions from IPCC Guidelines and the measurements. The results of the correlation analysis for the physical composition of waste materials and emissions by using IPCC guidelines showed that plastics (R2 = .97) as high degree of positive correlation and food waste (R2 = .274) with others (R2 = .292) were negative medium level of correlation. By using measurements showed that garden trimmings (R2 = .16) as medium level of positive correlation and food waste (R2 = .243) was negative medium level of correlation. Based on the LCI model of waste in this study, it completely quantified to present the GHG emissions and sinks from MSWM schemes. The statistical test methods and analysis processes of divergence and correlation of emissions indicated that the interactions among the components of waste during the burning process can be effectively identified. Further, the methods not only provide an effective GHG emission assessment and analysis for the similar MSWM disposal schemes, and also provide accurate information to the waste management authorities and decision makers to achieve GHG emission mitigation. Meanwhile, under the goals outlined in the GHG mitigation, it still can create a faultless and fine MSWM system to establish a sustainable high lifestyle and quality municipal city.