針對工業無線感測環境之自我設定與資料蒐集框架

A self-configurable and data collection framework for radio-based industrial wireless sensor networks

紀廷運(Ting-Yun Chi)

指導教授 ： 郭斯彥

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學研究所/博士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.10843

摘要

物聯網在我們的生活中越來愈普及，通常它代表了無數便宜的自我組織通訊裝置．這些裝置彼此互相通訊並監控整個環境．通常在佈署這些裝置後，主要這些裝置有兩個工作: (1)感測數據 (2).將這些數據資料送回到感測網路閘道器．這些工作的執行都在這些節點所乘載的軟體所定義，有時候因為功能變更或修正錯誤的程式臭蟲等維護理由所以需要更新韌體或是控制的程式．如何執行這些軟體的更新與設定，對於物聯網來說是一個很大的挑戰．在之前的相關研究中嘗試過透過只更新上傳更新的部分軟體來減少傳輸的資料量．但這更新軟體後卻往往還是需要重新開機，將物聯網裝置重新開機的成本相當的高，因為重新開機將會丟失已經建立好的資訊．舉例來說節點在重新開機後需要花費大量的時間與通訊頻寬來重新建立節點之間的關聯以及網路拓樸．對於無線網路來說，連線的品質是不穩定的．有時候這些節點也會被安裝在無法彼此進行無線通訊的區域，彼此之間的通訊有賴於定時通過的資料蒐集節點進行資料的交換，這是一個明顯的延遲網路傳送資料問題．

在我們的研究中，我們針對以上需求提出工業無線感測環境之自我設定與資料蒐集框架．這個框架包含了針對軟體動態更新的程式引擎以及考量延遲傳送資料的物聯網通訊協定．我們也同時針對提出的想法做了基本雛型架構的開發．藉由我們開發的通訊協定，我們允許使用者動態的更新韌體而不需要將節點重新開機，同時也支持延遲傳輸網路讓資料可以透過定期的資料交換節點進行交換．這個系統可以被運用在智慧電錶、山林監測、智慧車輛等運用中．

關鍵字

物聯網 ； 資料蒐集 ； 動態更新 ； 延遲傳輸 ； 更新韌體

並列摘要

Internet of Things is more and more popular in our daily life. It usually means numbers of small, cheap and autonomous devices communicating with each other for monitoring environmental conditions. After the deployment, they have two major works: (1) Sensor the data (2) Send the data back to sink node. These works are defined by the program in the nodes. Sometimes, they need to upgrade the firmware or control software due to bug-fix, functional changes, or other maintenance reasons. How to update software and configuration in IoT network is a big challenge.

In previous works, it had tried to reduce the traffic by only updating the changed part of the software in the node. However, the node will reboot after the update of the software. Rebooting the things is costly since the previous runtime states are lost. The things will spend time and bandwidth to synchronize with other nodes or rebuild routing table. For the wireless network, the link quality is unreliable. Sometimes the node will be installed in un-coverage area and rely on scheduled data collectors. It is a traditional Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) issue.

We present Dynamic Configuration and Delay-Tolerant Network for Wireless Sensor Network (DCDTN-WSN): an idea for dynamic software updated programming model and Delay-Tolerant Network. We will also implement prototype in the future. By DCDTN-WSN, it allows user to update the firmware without rebooting the node and collected the data by scheduled data collector. The system can be used for smart meter、mountainous monitoring、smart vehicle.

並列關鍵字

Internet of Thing ； Data collection ； dynamical update ； Delay-Tolerant Network ； firmware update

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