作物倒伏風險之生物力學模擬與風洞試驗研究

Biomechanical Simulations and Wind Tunnel Experiments of Crop Lodging Risk

鍾茞歆(Chai-Hsing Chung)

指導教授 ： 張倉榮

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/生物環境系統工程學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.00986

摘要

本研究藉由生物力學模擬與風洞試驗二者並進之方式，探討水稻在給定風速下之動態行為與倒伏風險，以期能建立水稻倒伏風險評估模式，進行水稻倒伏機率之研究。本研究首先根據Baker(1995)所發展之植物二質量系統破壞模式，將之應用於台灣地區種植之水稻，瞭解其因遭受強風所造成的莖部倒伏、根部倒伏及連根拔起等之原因，求得植物破壞時之風速及部位，以改良目前廣泛使用的植物懸臂樑力學系統僅能模擬莖部倒伏之限制。本研究繼而以蒙地卡羅法為基礎，進行水稻倒伏風險評估，研究水稻在不同風速、吹風時間與生長期下之倒伏機率。最後，進行水稻倒伏風險之風洞試驗，量測水稻的倒伏機率與相關基本物理性質，以驗證前述倒伏風險評估之模擬結果，並探討倒伏過程中各項影響因子之相對重要性與敏感度。本研究中之風洞試驗值與模擬試驗值皆顯示出水稻受風下倒伏發生部位均在莖底部，根部由於根盤之強度而不易因受風而造成破壞。而在影響倒伏機率之各項參數中以受風面積與莖底部半徑為兩個最重要之影響因子。本研究所進行之生物力學模擬與風洞試驗研究結果，不僅能夠提供台灣本土化作物相關資料的建立，也可用來探討颱風期間作物破壞之風險、程度與損失。

關鍵字

風洞試驗 ； 強風 ； 水稻 ； 倒伏 ； 植物破壞

並列摘要

The major objective of the study is to perform biomechanical simulations and wind tunnel experiments of rice lodging. The dynamic behaviors and lodging risks of rice in high winds are investigated. Firstly, a biomechanical model, based on a two-mass system for herbaceous plants (Baker, 1995), is developed. The model enables us to study the possible plant failure modes, such as stem failure, root failure and uprooting, which cannot be predicted by the commonly used cantilever beam system. The study further includes the Monte Carlo concept into the biomechanical model to assess rice lodging risk for various wind speeds, wind blowing times, and rice living periods. Finally, a wind tunnel experiment is carried out to measure the lodging risk and the physical properties of rice. The wind tunnel results are also used to verify the simulated results of the biomechanical model and to identify the relative importance of the parameters in the model. All of the wind tunnel results and the simulated results indicate that rice failure occurs at stem bottom. Root failure is not easy to take place in high winds because of the high root strength. The most important factors that affect lodging probability are ear area and stem radius. The results of the biomechanical simulations and wind tunnel experiments can be used to establish the information library of the Taiwan local plants and further to evaluate rice lodging risks and yield losses during Typhoon periods.

並列關鍵字

Lodging ； Plant failure ； High winds ； Wind tunnel ； Rice

參考文獻

李昌益，2001，「植物在強風下破壞行為評估」，國立台灣大學農業工程學研究所碩士論文。

Baker, C.J., 1995. The development of a theoretical model for the windthrow of plants. J. Theor. Biol. 175, 355-372.

Baker, C.J., Berry, P.M., Spink, J.H., Sylvester-Bradley, R., Griffin, J.M., Scott, R.K. and Clare, R.W., 1998. A Method for the Assessment of the Risk of Wheat Lodging. J. Theor. Biol. 194, 587-603.

Berry, P.M., Griffin, J.M., Sylvester-Bradley, R., Scott, R.K., Spink, J.H., Baker, C.J. and Clare, R.W., 2000. Controlling plant form through husbandry to minimise lodging in wheat. Field Crops Research 67, 59-81.

Berry, P.M., Sterling, M., Baker, C.J., Spink, J. and Sparkes, D.L., 2003. A calibrated model of wheat lodging compared with field measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 119, 167-180.