臺灣發展再生能源的困境-以風力發電為例之探討

The Dilemma of Developing Renewable Energy in Taiwan -A Wind Power Case Study

林聖哲(Sheng-Che Lin)

指導教授 ： 鄭欽龍

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/森林環境暨資源學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.02384

摘要

發展風力發電為國際趨勢，且台灣具有發展風力發電的潛力。自1998年我國開始推動再生能源，然在風力發電尚未有經濟效益時，須藉政府的政策性的獎勵始能發展。受各方利益團體的影響，「再生能源發展條例」的立法延宕多年，因此本研究擬從再生能源產業的政府管制著手，分析風力發電廠商於立法院與市場中的競租活動及其影響。
2009年4月德商英華威風力發電廠商曾以再生能源發展條例草案立法延宕為由計劃撤資，此條例不久於同年7月通過。依據此條例，台電公司應躉購再生能源廠商所生產之電力，然而英華威再因不滿經濟部能源局訂定的再生能源電能躉購費率過低，再次提出撤資。
因此，本研究分析比較英華威與台電之風力發電成本。研究結果顯示，台電風力發電之期初設置成本與年運轉維護費用的設定均較英華威為低。原因其一，在於台電同時採取兩種以上之發電方式，因資源共用可減少發電成本。其二，台電試圖壓低發電成本，以影響能源局費率之決定，造成其他再生能源廠商的進入障礙，排除潛在競爭者。

關鍵字

再生能源 ； 風力發電 ； 環境政策 ； 管制 ； 競租

並列摘要

Developing wind power is an international trend and Taiwan maintains the potential to develop this energy. Taiwan initiated renewable energy development after 1998. However, because wind power has not yet achieved economic efficacy, government reward policies are required for wind power development. Because of the influence of various interest groups, the “Renewable Energy Development Act” was delayed for years. Therefore, we investigated governmental regulation of the renewable energy industry to analyze the rent-seeking activities and influence of wind power firms in the Legislative Yuan and the market.
In April 2009, the German wind power firm InfraVest planned to withdraw capital because of the delayed Renewable Energy Development Act draft. The act was then passed in July 2009. According to the Renewable Energy Development Act, the Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) should purchase the power produced by renewable energy firms. However, InfraVest was not satisfied with the low rate of feed-in tariff established by the Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs and again proposed the withdrawal of capital.
Therefore, we analyzed and compared the wind power generation costs of InfraVest and Taipower. The results showed that the initial capital costs and annual operating and maintenance costs of Taipower’s wind power generation were lower compared to those of InfraVest. The first reason Taipower had lower costs is that Taipower uses more than two power generation methods. Shared resources result in reduced power generation costs. The second reason is that Taipower has attempted to reduce power generation costs to influence the rate decisions of the Bureau of Energy. This establishes an entry barrier for other renewable energy firms. Therefore, potential competitors are excluded.

並列關鍵字

renewable energy ； wind power ； environmental policy ； regulation ； rent-seeking

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