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  • 學位論文

混合丁戊醇酯化反應蒸餾系統之控制架構研究

Process Control of Reactive Distillation for Esterification of Butanol and Pentanol Mixtures

指導教授 : 黃孝平
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摘要


本研究根據顏琳庭[6]於2008 提出的混合丁、戊醇酯化反應蒸餾系統之穩態設計,建構動態控制架構系統,並探討其動態響應與現象。針對前述的穩態設計架構,發現該系統擁有多重穩態現象。根據最小年度總成本計算,發現最適化操作點位於水相回流分率為0.66 時,且該操作點正好位在一個多重穩態軌跡的轉折點上。故,推斷該最適化點並不適於進行動態控制。因此本研究決定使用較為保守的操作點來建構動態控制系統,並觀察動態響應與現象,並瞭解在較保守的操作 點上是否能進行動態控制與干擾排除;接著再進一步測試介於保守點與最適化點之間的次保守點,並透過與保守點的比較找出水相回流分率與動態可操作性之間的關係。 在決定庫存控制架構環路的過程中,本研究發現傳統的庫存控制架構環路穩定範圍過小不適於操作。因此本研究改用另一種較特殊的庫存控制架構環路(使用反應蒸餾塔再沸器負載控制反應蒸餾塔底液位而不是使用反應蒸餾塔底流量),其穩定範圍較大足以應付動態控制需求。 根據此庫存控制環路,本研究使用溫度控制進一步建構品質控制環路:三種可能的控制架構CS1、CS2 及CS3 被提出,經過簡單的分析發現只有CS3 架構足以應付混醇進料比例干擾,因此只選擇CS3 作進一步探討。由奇異值分解法(SVD)與相對增益矩陣(RGA)等分析決定品質控制器配對,並利用自動變異調諧方法(ATV)配合Tyreus 與Lyben[22]的調諧規則調諧控制器參數。模擬結果顯示,該架構應付進料組成變化干擾與鍊量干擾的整體動態響應表現很好。故在水相回流分率等於0.7 之保守點使用CS3 控制架構可得到很好得動態控制效果。

並列摘要


The objective of this work is to design a feasible control system for the esterifications process of mixed butanol and pentanol (Yen, 2008[6]). It is found that the abovementioned process has a steady-state bifurcation. The optimal operating condition at the aqueous split ratio (abbrev ASR) of 0.66, which minimizes the total annual cost (TAC), is a turning point on the bifurcation trajectory. Thus, the optimal point at ASRof 0.66 is not feasible for designing control system. A more conservative ASR (i.e. 0.75) for control system design is thus used. In constructing the inventory loops, it is found that the stable range of the traditional inventory loops is too small to operate. Thus, an alternative design, which uses reboiler duty of RD column to control the RD sump level, is used. The results from simulation show that good performance in both dynamic response and range of disturbance management can be achieved with this chosen ASR at 0.75. After fixing the inventory loops, temperature control loops are designed to control the quality of products. Three control schemes (CS-1, CS-2, CS-3) with Multi-loop control are thus proposed. By simple analyses, it is found that only CS-3 is feasible for disturbance rejection. As a consequence, CS-3 only is taken for further study. Controller pairing is determined by using the SVD and RGA analyses, and controller parameters are tuned by using ATV test with Tyreus and Luyben’s tuning rules[22]. Disturbances from feed rate, feed composition changes are used to test the control performance. Simulation results show that at ASR of 0.75, the control scheme CS-3 works well in all aspects.

參考文獻


碩士論文(2008)
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6. 顏琳庭,混合丁、戊醇酯化之反應蒸餾研究,國立台灣大學化學工程研究所
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