城市路網受震損建物殘骸阻斷風險分析

Post-Earthquake Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of Road System

朱易昌(Yi-Chang Chu)

指導教授 ： 林偲妘

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202201583

摘要

大地震發生後，道路系統是否維持通行對於後續緊急救援行動能順利進行是一大關鍵。然而，倒塌的建築可能會造成部分或是整段道路阻斷，使後續相關救災行動難度大增。本研究旨在提出一個有效率且適用性廣的評估方法，用以評估地震後建築倒塌碎片引致之道路系統阻斷風險。首先，道路系統作為本研究主要的研究對象，被依照一定的規則分割成路段，並選出鄰近路段的街廓。接著，利用地震損失及風險評估軟體TELES估計街廓內建築的倒塌機率，並計算街廓內倒塌建築可能對相鄰路段造成之各種風險。最後，彙整路段相臨街廓的各種風險，本研究提出三個震後道路風險指標，並以大台北地區的緊急救援路線昨為案例研究，並使用基於GIS的開源軟體視覺化呈現分析結果，以驗證該方法之適用性。在結論中，本研究討論了導致道路高指標風險的各種因素，並提出可能的解決方案。
由研究結果顯示本研究方法可以適用於不同地區，三個風險指標能夠代表地震過後道路系統所承受的不同風險類型，並藉由量化道路的脆弱度與辨別高風險道路，相關決策者能夠提前安排替代道路或制定相關減災計畫。

關鍵字

地震災害 ； 建築殘骸 ； 道路阻斷 ； 街廓 ； 脆弱度 ； 救援道路

並列摘要

After a severe earthquake, the accessibility of the road system is the key to emergency responses. However, collapsed buildings and debris may block part or the entire roads, bringing difficulties in disaster relief actions. This study aims to propose an efficient and comprehensive assessment framework for the risk of road blockage after earthquakes due to seismic-induced debris.
In the proposed framework, as the research objective, the road system is firstly divided into road sections, and the street blocks adjacent to the road sections are selected. Then, the collapse probability of buildings in the street blocks and the risk resulting from building debris in the aftermath of an earthquake scenario are estimated. Last, this research presents three post-earthquake risk and vulnerability indexes of road sections calculated by summing up the risks of the street profiles nearby. The rescue routes in Metro Taipei Area, Taiwan, are adopted as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, and the results are visualized with an open-source GIS-based tool. In Conclusion, factors leading to high-risk road sections are discussed, and possible solutions are proposed.
The results from this study indicate that the proposed method is applicable to various areas. The three post-earthquake risk and vulnerability indexes can represent different types of risks that the road system may take after earthquakes. By quantifying the vulnerability of road sections and identifying the high-risk segments, the decision-makers can arrange alternative routes in advance or make retrofit plans for disaster mitigation.

並列關鍵字

earthquake disaster ； building debris ； road blockage ； street block ； vulnerability ； rescue routes

參考文獻

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