台灣跨國婚姻穩定度與中國配偶面談政策之探究

近年來，台灣跨國婚姻的數目有顯著地增加，大多數的型態為台灣男性與外籍女性通婚，這些外籍女性主要來自中國大陸、越南、印尼與其他東南亞國家。會造成這樣的現象主要來自於對男性的社會規範，妻子的社會經濟地位大部分不會高於男性，婚姻嫁娶的模式為「男高女低」以及「門當戶對」。台灣女性的自主性提高，在考慮社經地位的婚姻市場中，位於適婚年齡的男性多於女性，男女的性別比為失衡的狀態，因此男生要前往國外尋找女性結婚。在西方現存的實證研究中，跨國婚姻的婚姻穩定度是比較差的，原因來自於夫妻雙方擁有不同的文化背景、價值觀等，溝通上容易造成衝突而離婚。本研究使用了三份行政資料，分別為結婚檔、離婚檔與出生檔，分析台灣丈夫與各國籍女性的婚姻型態對於婚姻穩定度的影響，以離婚間斷變數以及婚姻存續期間作為穩定度的表現，並且加入了夫妻雙方的結婚年齡、教育程度、婚前婚姻狀態、小孩變數等解釋變數加以估計。將妻子依照國籍分為中國、東南亞、歐美、台灣、其他之後，估計的結果顯示，相較於妻子來自台灣以及歐美的婚姻，台灣丈夫/中國妻子、台灣丈夫/東南亞妻子這兩個類型的離婚機率比較高；在婚姻存續期間方面，妻子來自中國的婚姻會有最短的存續期間，但是在控制小孩變數之後，存續期間最短的變成夫妻雙方皆為台灣人的婚姻。本研究同時檢視政府於2003年實施的中國大陸配偶面談措施其政策的效果。沒有受到中國大陸配偶面談措施的東南亞籍配偶，將該類型的婚姻設定為控制組，中國籍配偶的婚姻則設定為實驗組。估計結果顯示在政策實施後結婚的台灣男性與中國女性會有比較低的離婚機率、擁有比較長的婚姻存續期間，表示該面談措施可以改善婚姻的品質。

關鍵字

跨國婚姻；外籍配偶；婚姻穩定度；離婚；中國大陸配偶面談政策；虛假結婚

並列摘要

During the past two decades, the number of transnational marriages in Taiwan has increased dramatically. Most of them involved a native groom and a bride from China, Vietnam, Indonesia or other Southeast Asian countries. Women marrying men with the same or poorer socioeconomic traits is a longstanding phenomenon. As women get more economically independent, there exists gender imbalance in the marriage market. The disadvantaged local men with less appealing traits have to search for foreign wives. The empirical literature in the west has shown that transnational marriages are more instable. Due to different cultural background and values, transnational couples are prone to divorce. This paper examines the marital stability of transnational marriages in Taiwan using three administrative data sets. Discrete variable of divorce and marriage duration are adopted as the indicators of marital stability. After controlling for socioeconomic characteristics of the spouses, it is found that brides from China and Southeast Asia have higher probability of divorce, comparing to those from Taiwan and Western. On the other hand, brides from China have minimum marriage duration at first, but it is replaced by local couples after controlling for fertility status. This paper also inspects the effect of 2003 Chinese bride interview policy. Two groups of foreign brides are taken in consideration. Chinese brides are seen as treatment group where the 2003 interview policy takes impact, and Southeast Asian brides are seen as control group. The estimated results show that the policy lowers the probability of divorce and extends the marriage duration of marriage between Taiwanese groom and Chinese bride. It shows that the policy takes its effects on improving the quality of marriage.