線段長短的視覺搜尋對稱性：以臺灣受試者為例

Absence of Search Asymmetry in Line Length: The Case of Taiwanese

蔡佳君(Chia-Chun Tsai)

指導教授 ： 葉素玲

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202103926

摘要

視覺搜尋的不對稱性是指當一對刺激在視覺搜索作業中交替扮演目標物和干擾物時，搜尋效率產生變化之現象。先前採用西方受試者的研究發現，若目標物相較於干擾物具有較多或較明顯的特徵，則在干擾物之間搜尋目標物時，反應時間較快，且反應時間-刺激數量之函數圖形較為平緩；若目標物與干擾物之刺激角色互換，則搜尋會呈現較慢的反應時間及較陡的反應時間-刺激數量的函數圖形。上述現象可以用特徵整合理論 (Treisman Gelade, 1980) 來解釋。然而，視覺搜尋不對稱性可能受到各種因素的影響，例如目標物與干擾物間的可分辨性以及文化相關因素。本研究檢驗了臺灣受試者在執行長度視覺搜尋作業中是否存在視覺搜尋不對稱性，結果發現沒有視覺搜尋的不對稱性（實驗一）。爾後檢驗了影響視覺搜尋效率的可能因素，包含目標物及干擾物間的可分辨性（實驗二）、語言使用（實驗三）、以及認知風格（即整體式或解析式處理，實驗四）。結果發現，在本研究的大多數實驗中，皆沒有觀察到如西方受試者所具有之長線優勢的視覺搜尋不對稱性，此結果顯示沒有視覺搜尋不對稱性是臺灣受試者的穩定現象。更甚者，在促發整體式處理風格時，發現了短線優勢的視覺搜尋不對稱性（實驗4a）。本研究之結果無法用特徵整合理論解釋。視野周邊處理及長期文化經驗是導致缺乏視覺搜尋不對稱性甚至導致反向結果的原因。

關鍵字

視覺搜尋 ； 視覺搜尋不對稱性 ； 特徵整合理論 ； 文化經驗 ； 周邊視野

並列摘要

Search asymmetry refers to a change in search efficiency when a pair of stimuli alternately take the role of target and distractors in visual search tasks. Previous studies with Caucasian participants found faster reaction times and shallower slopes in search for a target with an additional feature compared to distractors than the reversed role of target and distractors. These results could be explained by the Feature Integration Theory (Treisman Gelade, 1980) of attention. However, search asymmetry could be affected by various factors, such as target-distractor discriminability and culture related factors. We examined whether there was a search asymmetry in a line-length search task with Taiwanese participants and found no search asymmetry (Experiment 1). Then, we examined possible factors that could affect search efficiency, including target-distractor discriminability (Experiment 2), language usage (Experiment 3), and cognitive styles (i.e., holistic/analytic processing, Experiment 4). The long-line-advantaged search asymmetry found in Western participants was not observed in most of the experiments, suggesting that the absence of search asymmetry was a robust phenomenon for Taiwanese participants. Conversely, a short-line-advantaged search asymmetry was found with the induced holistic processing style (Experiment 4a). These results cannot be explained by the Feature Integration Theory, but rather, supports the hypothesis that both peripheral visual processing and long-term culture experience are factors contributing to the absence of search asymmetry and even causing the reversed search asymmetry.

並列關鍵字

visual search ； search asymmetry ； Feature Integration Theory ； cultural experience ； peripheral vision

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