大法官有關授權明確性原則解釋之研究－解釋已明確乎？

On the Grand Justices’ Interpretations over Explicit Authorization Requirement

楊惠如(Hui-Ju Yang)

指導教授 ： 湯德宗

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.10500

摘要

自大法官解釋第313號明白闡釋授權明確性原則一詞以來，授權明確性原則成為近年來大法官解釋常見違憲宣告理由之一，其雖非我國憲法明文規定之憲法原則，然藉由大法官相關解釋逐漸形成內涵，並依審查對象之不同而有不同之審查標準，在學說探討或原則本身之理論上，似皆已成熟完整之際，大法官就授權明確性原則之審查，卻有前後審查標準不一致之解釋作成，不禁使人對授權明確性原則之「明確」與否，產生疑惑。
因此，本文希望從實務立場，就大法官關於授權明確性原則解釋為進一步探討解析，從大法官相關解釋整理出系統性之結果，釐清授權明確性原則規範之對象，確認大法官解釋對授權明確性原則之見解，在基本權利之保障及審查標準上，是否已有層級化現象出現，並就授權明確性原則解釋對相關司法、立法及行政實務之影響，違憲審查與憲政結構、大法官授權明確性原則及審查標準進行討論，對於授權明確性原則在審查標準有欠明確或一致性之缺失上，從權力分立及最適功能的角度，提出可能參考的建議，俾能有一套明確之操作原則可資依循，使授權明確性原則發揮應有之功效，達成保障及維護人民權益之目的。

關鍵字

授權明確性原則 ； 大法官解釋 ； 違憲審查 ； 憲政結構 ； 層級化審查標準 ； 最適功能

並列摘要

Since being elucidated in J. Y. (Judicial Yuan) Interpretation No. 313, the “principle of explicit authorization” has been among the common grounds for declaration of constitutional violation in some other J. Y. Interpretations in recent years. Despite not being constitutionally delineated, this principle seems, in both scholastic research and theoretical principle, getting mature and comprehensive with denotation formed from related interpretations made by the Grand Justice and with standards varied according to different objects being reviewed. However, the interpretations made by the Grand Justice showed inconsistency in standards applied in the review of the principle of explicit authorization. Such inconsistency has caused perplexities about whether the principle of explicit authorization is “explicit.”
For this, this article intends to embark on further exploration and analysis of J.Y. Interpretations on the principle of explicit authorization from a practical standpoint by first systematically sorting out the results on related J. Y. Interpretations, followed by identifying the objects to be regulated by the principle of explicit authorization. On such objects, the opinions of the interpretations about the principle of explicit authorization are verified for possible stratification in terms standards for protection and review of basic rights. Further discussion is made on the impact of the J. Y. Interpretations on the principle of explicit authorization on related judicial, legislative, and administrative practices, in review on constitutional violations and constitutional structure, as well as in the Grand Justice’s review standards on the principle of explicit authorization. On review standards for the principle of explicit authorization that lack clarity or consistency, recommendations are provided for references from the angle of separation of powers and optimal function, to establish a set of definite operation principles to be followed for facilitating effectiveness of the principle of explicit authorization in order to achieve the purpose of protecting and maintaining people’s rights.

並列關鍵字

principle of explicit authorization ； J. Y. Interpretation ； Review on constitutional violation ； constitutional structure ； stratification, review standards ； optimal function

參考文獻

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