環境管理系統推行對產業供應鏈之影響 –以ISO 14001環境管理系統及SONY Green partner system綠色夥伴系統為例

本研究透過理論與實務的角度來探討ISO 14001環境管理系統（第三者驗證）與SONY Green partner system綠色夥伴系統（第二者稽核）於導入、實施及維持過程中對公司之經營績效、供應鏈關係及對外公共關係與形象所造成之影響，主要研究方法是透過相關文獻研究方法蒐集及整理、企業實地訪談及工廠問卷調查等方式來進行本研究，研究結果獲致以下結論： 1.公司推展ISO 14001環境管理系統執行屬於內部壓力形成之自發性行為，其動機及主要營運效益為「改善公共關係與形象」，藉著ISO 14001環境管理系統驗證以塑造塑造公司形象、改善環境及與環境關係人之關係。 2.公司推展Green partner system主要動機來自於客戶之壓力與要求（外部壓力），若沒有通過Green partner system稽核驗證將形成產品出口障礙，造成訂單流失及營業損失，而驗證主要營運效益除「改善公共關係與形象」外，更可「提高顧客滿意度」進而達到「增加市場佔有率」之效果。 3.公司推行環境管理系統進行環境改善，所需資金之投入並非成永鶬鉿]素，反倒是高階主管之承諾及推行決心才是重要關鍵。 4.公司申請環境管理系統驗證後發現「改善品質」調查結果較申請動機預期提升甚多。而通過認證之供應商在統計資料上也呈現「品質較佳」正相關結果，顯見廠商對產品及生產過程中環境保護上之努力及要求可改善公司產品品質，且產品環保表現已逐漸被視為廣義「產品品質」要素之一。 5.通過ISO 14001 / Sony Green partner system認證之供應商在「較具創新力」指標表現上均獲高度評價，顯見業者投入於環境管理及維護與污染防治之執行，與投入於新產品、新技術之開發一樣均被認為是具有創新能力之公司。 6.產品綠色環保趨勢與符合各國環保法令規章之要求均為產業供應鏈中的不確定性因素，此不確定因素會對產業供應鏈造成供需關係之劇烈衝擊。消極應對者可能喪失訂單，對公司營運及獲利帶來嚴重影響；積極應對者可藉此建構產業競爭屏障，拉開與競爭對手之差距。

關鍵字

ISO 14001 ； SONY綠色夥伴系統；環境管理系統；供應鏈

並列摘要

This research probes into ISO 14001 Environmental Management System ( The third party certification) and Sony Green partner system (The second party audit ) through a viewpoint of theory & practice. While companies induct, practice and manage these two management systems influence companies’ operation performance, supply chain relationship and Pubic Relationship & Enterprise Image. The main research method is the way by collecting and trimming related documentaries, enterprise interview on the spot, factory questionnaire survey …etc to carry out this research and the result as the following conclusions: 1.It’s a spontaneity behavior by the interior pressure for companies to promote the enforcement of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System. Its’ motivation and the chief prosecution benefit is “Improving PR & Enterprise Image” that is to portray enterprise image, improve environment and its’ relate party relationship by ISO 14001 Environmental Management System certification. 2.The principle motivation for companies to promote Green partner system audit is customer pressure and requirement (exterior pressure). There will be export barrier for one fails Green partner system audit certification, which causes the loss of the order and the commercial profit. In the other words, the most commercial profit of green partner system audit certification is not only “Improving PR & Enterprise Image” but also “raise the customer satisfied”. Furthermore, the result will increase the “market share”. 3.The pivotal point of successfully enforce the environmental management system for companies to improve the environment is not depend on environmental project investment but the chief executive officers’ promise and their determine to promote it. 4.After companies apply for the environment management, we found out that the improvement result of “ Improving the quality” survey is much higher than the motivation expect. The statistical date shows that the product quality of the supply certification manufacturers is much better. As a result, the effort and the requirement of environment preservation made by the manufacturers to its’ product and the process of manufacture can improve product’s quality. Therefore, the performance of environmental protection is considered one factor of the “Product Quality” generalized definition little by little. 5.ISO 14001/ Sony Green partner system certification supply chain manufacturers have the highly appreciation for the index of “much innovative ”. For the companies, the enforcement of environment management, environment preservation and pollution protection are considered as development of new product and new technology for innovative companies. 6.The two uncertain factors of industry supply chain are the green environmental trend of the product and live up to every country’s various environmental protection laws. These will cause violent impact to the supply and demand relationship of industry supply chain. The pessimism enterprise may lose the order, and that brings serious influence on the company operation and making profit. The optimism enterprise can construct a competitive shield and take advantage of it.