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  • 學位論文

個股選擇權中市場賭博行為和參與者互動效果

Participant Effect on Gambling Preference in Individual Equity Option Market

指導教授 : 王耀輝
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摘要


本文欲研究市場參與者的相對比例是否會影響美股個股選擇權市場中的賭博行為的偏好。文中所有原始個股選擇權資料皆從Ivy OptionMetrics資料庫中獲得,個股財報資料則由Compustat資料庫取得。論文中的樣本由約略一個月到期的價平個股買權所組成。在建立投資組合之前,所有樣本資料須先透過篩選以確保該選擇權的流動性,並排除資料庫註記錯誤的資料。資料透過篩選後,我們於每季的第一個選擇權到期日(通常為該月第三個星期五)的隔天做為投資組合建立日。在投資組合建立日,我們將所有約一個月到期的買權做分類:先依低、中、高隱含波動度斜率分成三組,每組內再依買權的標的資產樂透相似性進行分類,共分十組。在這樣的雙重分類下,對於每季,我們共有三十組投資組合。因為我們關心的是對於標的資產樂透相似性所建的投資組合,是否可以在隱涵波動度不同下能獲得不同等級的報酬,我們著重於以下四個投資組合的報酬與其報酬解釋:依據標的資產的樂透相似性買一賣十(買標的資產最不像樂透、賣最像樂透的)、買一賣十配上低隱含波動度、買一賣十配上中等隱含波動度、以及買一賣十加上高隱含波動度。 在實證研究中我們發現:該投資組合在配合低隱含波動度時,可獲得的報酬遠大於高隱含波動度時可獲得的報酬。而為了排除此高報酬是對於市場風險或是公司個別風險的風險補貼,我們也做了風險調整後的模型:在對系統性風險和企業風險進行調整後,實證結果仍然維持不變。另外,我們也使用另一個標的資產樂透相似性的指標來替換原指標,結果仍維持相同。

並列摘要


We scrutinize the effect of relative strength of market participants on gambling preference in U.S. individual equity option market. Sample data are from Ivy OptionMetrics and underlying asset data are from Compustat, respectively. We choose at-the-money call options of individual equity with roughly one month to maturity. After data are filtered, we calculate two variables of interest: MAX (10) and SKEW for all call options. Then, within each quarter, we firstly sorted all options into three different SKEW groups. Within each skew group, we then sort our call options into decile portfolios based upon MAX (10). Long-short portfolios based upon MAX (10) are then constructed within each SKEW group. We observe that returns of long short strategies capitalizing on investors’ gambling preference are more profitable when option market is dominated by volatility-informed traders, indicating their gambling preference is higher than their counterparts, price-informed traders. The empirical result remains robust after adjusting for systematic risk and firm-specific risk which may partially compensate the return of the long-short portfolios. In addition, an alternative measurement of stock’s resemblance to lottery is implemented for robustness concern, and the result is indifferent between two measurements.

參考文獻


Arditti, F., 1967. Risk and the required return on equity.
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Bali, T., Cakici, N., Whitelaw, R., 2011. Maxing out: stocks as lotteries and the cross-section of expected returns. Journal of Financial Economics 99, 427–446.
Barberis, N., Huang, M., 2008. Stocks as lotteries: the implications of probability weighting for security prices. American Economic Review 98, 2066–2100.
Blau, B., Bowles, T., Whitby, R., 2016. Gambling preferences, options markets, and volatility. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 51, 515–540.

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