大學考試分發入學計分科目權重設計對招生結果影響之研究

世界各國大學教育的潮流，近年逐漸走向多元化升學管道的方向，而我國亦不例外。且在依考試成績分發這個管道上，各大學校系，也參照本身教育理念與招生目標，分別針對各考試科目，進行採計與否與權重設計。然而，過去學者針對這方面的研究，僅侷限於質化的研究以及改革的建議。本研究試圖以系統模擬的研究方法，深入探討當一校系改變本身權重設計，並相對於其他校系的權重設計，對於招生結果將產生何種影響。以及科目加重計分比例與錄取學生異動比率之間的關係，學生各科目成績變化的趨勢，最後並分析學生選填志願的傾向，對於分發結果的影響程度。經由本研究進行模擬分析，可以確定在考試分發過程當中的三大變數，各校系科目權重設計、學生選填志願序、學生考試成績，皆會影響分發的結果。權重設計的部分，當部分科目採計並加重計分，學生在該科目的成績表現，將顯著提高，且全體學生成績標準差愈大的科目，變化幅度越顯著；而不採計或不加重計分的科目，成績則明顯下降。選填志願序的部分，新進學生皆為原先錄取較低志願的學生。因此本研究建議各大學校系，未來在招生試務上，的確可以透過權重設計，錄取特殊專長的學生。同時也應致力於提升課程、教師、教育環境的品質，並加強宣導與推廣，如此才可達到強化大學教育水平的最終目的。

關鍵字

考試分發；科目權重設計；系統模擬；選填志願序

並列摘要

The worldwide trend of college education is to diversify the entrances, and Taiwan is no exception. In the joint college entrance examination, every college designs its own weighted ratios of each testing subject by considering its education ideal and recruiting purpose. However, researches of this field in the past just focused on qualitative researches and improvement suggestion. This research adopts the methodology of system simulation to figure out the influences to recruiting results by manipulating the target department’s weight design and fixing other departments’ weighted ratios. Besides, this research also discusses the relation between weighted ratios and the ratio of students changing, observes the trend of grades, and finally analyses the impact level of recruiting result from the list of priority. After conducting the simulating analysis, this research summarizes three variables in the distributing process of the joint college entrance examination, which are weighted design of departments, the lists of priority, and the grades of students. In the aspect of weight design, when we increase the weight of some subjects, the grades of those subjects will rise simultaneously, especially in those subjects with bigger standard deviations. And when we decrease the weight of some subjects, the grades of those subjects will drop off simultaneously, too. In the aspect of the lists of priority, new recruited students are all from low priorities. This research suggests each department can truly recruit their preferred students in the joint college entrance examination by manipulating the weighted ratio. But what’s also important is that they should devote themselves not only to enhance the quality of courses and educational environment, but also to reinforce the promotion activities. By doing so, they can really achieve the goal of improving the educational level of colleges.