含氯鹵乙酸於飲用水淨水流程中之生物降解作用研究與探討

Investigation of Chlorinated Haloacetic Acids Biodegradation in Drinking Water Treatment Process

丁士鈞(Shin-Chun Ting)

指導教授 ： 童心欣

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.02337

摘要

飲用水在處理過程中，為了去除水中之病原菌，多採用含氯消毒劑進行消毒。而含氯消毒劑會與水中固有之天然有機物(nature organic matters;NOMs)反應，產生各樣的消毒副產物(disinfection by-products;DBPs)；其中又以三鹵甲烷(Trihalomethanes;THMs)與含鹵乙酸(Haloacetic acids;HAAs)兩者為最大宗之消毒副產物。鹵乙酸經由動物實驗證實，會影響肝功能，同樣對成長、生育有極大的影響。更多研究也顯示，鹵乙酸具有致畸與致癌性。
研究指出，鹵乙酸於淨水流程中之變化可能與生物降解有關(Rodriguez et al. 2004)。而本研究針對台灣南部，具有較高鹵乙酸含量之某淨水廠，於不同季節檢測該水廠三種含氯鹵乙酸(一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸)含量，發現鹵乙酸好生成於夏季，並經過該水廠之快濾單元處理後明顯下降。本研究欲證實快濾池內附著於濾砂之微生物具有降低鹵乙酸之功效，選用變性膠體凝膠電泳(Denature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)此種分子生物技術探討該淨水流程中微生物菌群結構的變化，並分析快濾砂上主要菌種，以期建立鹵乙酸濃度與實廠內微生物菌群之關連性。

關鍵字

鹵乙酸 ； 生物降解 ； 快濾砂 ； DGGE ； 淨水流程

並列摘要

In order to reduce the human health impacts due to pathogens in drinking waters, it is important to apply disinfection before distribution. Disinfectants widely used nowadays are chlorine or chloramides. These disinfectants react with nature organic matters in water, and produce disinfection by-products (DBPs).Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are two of the DBPs with highest amount by weight from chlorination. HAAs affect to influence hepatic, reproductive, and developmental functions possibly, and they may be mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal studies.
Previous studies had showed that HAA biodegradation could happen during water treatment process. This study aimed at one of the water treatment plant in southern Taiwan which had high HAA concentrations and investigated the changes of three HAAs (MCAA、DCAA and TCAA) during treatment process at different seasons. The results showed that HAAs were produced mostly at summer, and could be reduced significantly after passing through the rapid sand filtration process. It is considered to be connected with biodegradation upon filtration sands. This study used DGGE to explore the microbial’s population in each treatment process, as well as analyzing the main bacterial species in filtration sands, and this result could help us to understand microbial communities in water treatment process.

並列關鍵字

Haloacetic acids ； Biodegradation ； Rapid sand filtration ； DGGE ； Water Treatment

參考文獻

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