抵銷誘因與傳染律對懼蟑症者行為意願、害怕與厭惡預期偏誤之影響

The Effect of Countervailing Incentives and Law of Contagion in Behavior Desire and Expectancy Bias of Fear and Disgust for Cockroach Phobia

楊孟儒(Meng-Ju Yang)

指導教授 ： 張素凰

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.10523

摘要

本研究目的探討在進食情境中饑餓抵銷誘因及傳染律對懼蟑者之進食行為意願以及情緒感受的影響。共分為兩個研究，研究一採用2（懼蟑程度：高、低） × 3（饑餓抵銷誘因強度：高、中、低） × 2（接觸程度：有直接接觸、無直接接觸）之三因子混合設計，依變項為食用意願。參與者共72人，其中低懼蟑組33人、高懼蟑組39人，在參與者完成厭惡量表、蟑螂情境害怕量表後，本研究以想像實驗典範探究他們的食用意願。而研究二改進研究一實驗設計，加強高低饑餓抵銷誘因的強度區別，以真實彩色照片增加生態效度，並增加蟑螂未出現之情境作為比較基準；另外，除了以食用意願為依變項探究食用意願預期，也增加害怕及厭惡之表情配對預期為依變項。研究二採用2（懼蟑程度：高、低） × 2（饑餓抵銷誘因強度：高、低） × 3（接觸程度：出現且碰到、出現沒碰到、沒出現）之三因子混合設計，依變項為食用意願。參與者共88人，其中低懼蟑組41人，高懼蟑組47人；另外以2（懼蟑程度：高、低） × 2（饑餓抵銷誘因強度：高、低） × 3（接觸程度：出現且碰到、出現沒碰到、沒出現） × 2（配對表情：害怕、厭惡）之四因子混合設計，依變項為表情預期。依研究需要進一步分析參與者33人，其中低懼蟑組17人，高懼蟑組16人。研究結果顯示，在進食情境下當蟑螂出現時，個體的進食意願會受到饑餓抵銷誘因影響，且能區別實體傳染律及思想傳染律的影響；關於害怕及厭惡的預期方面，在蟑螂與食物不同接觸程度下，實體傳染律及思想傳染律的效果會因饑餓抵銷誘因的高低而有所不同，其中思想傳染律會影響厭惡預期，但不會影響害怕預期。最後，本研究針對上述結果之貢獻、研究限制、與未來研究方向加以討論。

關鍵字

動物畏懼症 ； 厭惡 ； 抵銷誘因 ； 傳染律 ； 預期偏誤

並列摘要

This research included two studies exploring the effects of hunger countervailing incentives and law of contagion on eating desire and expectancy bias of fear and disgust for cockroach phobia. In Study 1, a 2 (group: high &. low cockroach fear) × 3 (countervailing incentives: hungry, medium, & stuffed) × 2 (contact: direct & indirect) repeated measures ANOVA was conducted on ratings for eating desire. Participants with low (n = 33) and high (n = 39) cockroach fear completed Disgust Scale, Coackroach Fear Scale, and Eating Decision Making Scale. In Study 2, the experiment design was modified by using photographs, magnifying the contrast between different countervailing incentive conditions, adding non-cockraoch as baseline for the contact factor, and adding facial expression expectancy rating as dependent measure. A 2 (group: high &. low cockroach fear) × 2 (countervailing incentives: hungry & stuffed) × 3 (contact: direct, indirect, & non-cockroach) repeated measures ANOVA was conducted on ratings for eating desire. Participants were low (n = 41) and high (n = 47) cockroach fear individuals. Furthermore, a 2 (group: high & low cockroach fear) × 2 (countervailing incentives: hungry & stuffed) × 3 (contact: direct, indirect, & non-cockroach) × 2 (facial expression: fear & disgust) repeated measures ANOVA was conducted on ratings for expectancy rating. Participants in the further anlaysis were low (n = 17) and high (n = 16) cockroach fear individuals. The results indicated that when encountering cockroack, the emotion might occur earlier than decision making and the patterns between them were different.
Both fear and disgust were influenced by law of contagion; however, disgust expectancy was also influenced by associational contamination. Nevertheless, eating desire including thinking about hunger countervailing incentives and eliminating contagion were made carefully. The implications and limitations of the present findings and future research possibilities are discussed.

並列關鍵字

animal phobia ； disgust ； countervailing incentives ； law of contagion ； expectancy bias

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