近年來,國際間相繼發生狂牛症、口蹄疫與禽流感等疫病,造成國際社會之恐慌。為了保障生產者及消費者的權益,歐盟與日本等先進國家先後實施了生產追溯制度,台灣於2004年起,也開始推動農產品產銷履歷試辦計畫。然而據農委會統計,截至2009底,驗證面積僅有8,645公頃,約占全台灣總耕地面積1.05%,顯然有很大的進步空間。過去研究產銷履歷的研究主要可以分為生產面及消費面兩部份,目前生產面的研究多利用小樣本來分析,除此之外,國內對產銷履歷的研究僅有消費面,缺乏生產面的研究。為了提高農產品的衛生及安全性,研究台灣農家參加農產品產銷履歷制度意願之因素已成為重要議題。 本研究的資料來源為2006年台灣地區農家戶口抽樣調查,以主要種植蔬果農家為研究對象,樣本數為2,360戶,並利用普羅比模型與多元羅吉特模型為實證模型,估計台灣農家採用產銷履歷意願之機率。實證結果顯示掌握農家產銷履歷相關資訊、具備農藥安全觀念、參與自家農牧業勞動力高及戶長教育程度較高者參加產銷履歷的機率較高,區域性農業環境資源亦會影響農家參加產銷履歷的機率,研究發現產銷班規模較大的地區,農家參加產銷履歷的意願較高。 本研究實證結果可延伸出數項重要的政策意涵,為了提高農家參加產銷履歷的意願,政府可以加強下列措施:一、藉由舉辦各地說明會與地方行政人員推廣,來提高產銷履歷銷之能見度;二、針對專業農家給予輔導及補助;三、提高農村人力素質,增設農民教育訓練課程;四、持續鼓勵各地區產銷組織之發展。
In order to improve the food safety and enhance the competitiveness of agriculture products, the Taiwan Agriculture and Food Traceability System (TAFT) has been implemented since 2004. The food safety issue concerns more consumers in the recent decade, but there are a few researches focus on the effectiveness of the TAFT on the supply side in Taiwan. Therefore, it is important to investigate the potential determinants of adoption willingness of food traceability system for Taiwanese farm household. In the study, we use data from the Taiwan Agricultural and Husbandry Sampling data in 2006, and 2,360 households planting fruits and vegetables are selected in empirical analysis. The Probit Model and Multinomial Logit Model are used to estimate the probability of adoption willingness of TAFT. The estimation results indicate that the probability of TAFT adoption is higher in the farmers who recognized the TAFT, pesticides safety, and are higher educated. The results also suggest that the scale of producer organization positively contribute to the probability of adoption willingness of TAFT, which indicate that the differences in regional agricultural resources are correlated with the probability of the TAFA adoption. According to our finding, the government may utilize following measures to increasing the willingness of TAFA adoption in farm households: (1) conduct TAFA workshop and enhance the extension through the executive to increase the visibility of TAFA; (2) provide special support and subsides to full time farmers; (3) increase the human capital; (4) encourage the development of regional producer organization.