香港居民對香港特首及公務員的信任變遷研究
～2001-2016 年四波調查的分析

香港於 1997 年主權回歸中國大陸後，原本在大中華思想的思維，加上鄧小平推行「一國兩制、高度自治、港人治港、現有的資本主義生活方式，五十年不變」的政策，當時在《基本法》的架構下，確實給予香港許多的自治裁量權，香港居民均認同自己是中國人，並在中國大陸歷經多次危難時，給予資金的挹助及同胞情誼的關懷。但隨著香港政府不民主的霸權統治，及中國大陸的居民大量的移居香港，爭搶港人原有的社會福利下，讓這些不滿的情緒，在香港居民心中不斷的累積，源自於香港居民對政府管制根本性的價值觀差異，香港居民要的是香港立法會選舉及行政長官雙普選，卻一再的被全國人大否決，在中國強力介入香港政治後，所有的承諾，都一再的跳票，香港曾經的繁華經濟社會、原本的言論自由已蕩然無存。本研究的樣本資料是由臺灣大學「東亞民主研究中心」的香港研究團隊完成，筆者藉由此資料，探討了香港居民在2001 至2016 年對香港特首及公務員的政治信任變遷研究，發現香港居民對香港特首的政治信任程度，從2007 年起整體的政治信任趨勢至2016 年已降至三成七，對香港公務員的政治信任程度，從2007 年起整體的政治信任趨勢至2016 年下降至六成一。統計分析研究發現：一、香港居民對香港特首及公務員的政治信任在性別、年齡、教育程度、家庭收入上大致影響不大。二、香港居民對香港特首的政治信任在社會階層及民間信仰的影響未達顯著水準，對香港公務員的信任則是在社會階層的影響未達顯著水準，只是民間信仰上，傳統信仰者對比無宗教信仰者信任香港特首，而傳統信仰及基督教信仰者對比無宗教信仰者整體較不信任香港公務員。三、民主價值發展的趨勢，研究指出，民主價值取向較低的香港居民較為信任香港特首及香港公務員，在政黨認同方面，建制派者都比民主派者信任香港特首及香港公務員。可知近年因中國政治操控下，改變香港原有的社會氛圍及民主自由，中港的矛盾及民主意識，抗拒著中國大陸的政治干預，各種社會運動的影響及香港本土認同的凝聚，形成香港居民的民主意識價值，均為貫穿本文政治信任最重要的影響因素。

關鍵字

政治信任；香港；一國兩制；香港特首

並列摘要

Based on the concept of “One country, two systems”, “a high degree of autonomy”, “Hong Kong People ruling Hong Kong”, the Basic Law does allow Hong Kong to have autonomous discretion since the Transfer of government over Hong Kong in 1997.Carrying the same nostology of Great China, citizens in Hong Kong regard themselves as Chinese and willing to give financial support and compassion for those who suffered in Mainland. However, with the undemocratic governance and massive migration from Mainland to Hong Kong, citizens in Hong Kong are worried the promised welfare would be taken out easily. The Hong Kong 1 July protests in 2003 drew public attention, which is resulted in opposing the legislation of Basic Law Article 23. This incident reflects the difference of fundamental value between citizens and government in Hong Kong. Citizens ask for universal suffrage but vetoed by National People’s Congress (NPC). With the intervention imposed to Hong Kong governance, the Chinese government reneged on the original promises. For citizens in Hong Kong, the prosperous society and the freedom of speech have not been saved anymore. The samples of my study are provided by Asian Barometer Survey (ABS) of the Center for East Asia Democratic Studies (National Taiwan University). Through the data, I investigate the change of political trust from Hong Kong citizens toward Chief Executive (CE) and civil servants in 2001-2016. The results show that the overall political trust has decreased to 37% in 2016, the political trust on officials has been down to 61%, from 2007-2016. Statistical analysis as follows: 1. The political trust of Hong Kong citizens toward CE and civil servants has low correlation with gender, age, education degree, and household income. 2. The political trust of Hong Kong citizens toward CE has not reached significant level on social class and folk beliefs. The political trust of Hong Kong citizens toward civil servants has not reached significant level on social class. Particularly in aspect of folk beliefs, citizens with traditional religious beliefs trust more on CE than ones without religious beliefs. Citizens with traditional religious beliefs and Christians tend to be more distrust on civil servants than ones without religious beliefs. 3. According to the democratic value development, research shows that citizens with low democratic value trust more on CE and civil servants. In the aspect of identity of political party, Pro-Beijing camp trust more on CE and civil servants than Pro-democracy camp. In short, under the manipulation of Chinese government, the atmosphere and the democracy of Hong Kong has been changed. The factors constitute the democratic value of citizens in Hong Kong include rise of democracy ideology, the contradiction between China and Hong Kong, various social movements, the resist to the political intervention from Mainland China, and the local identity of Hong Kong. These are all discussed within this thesis. Keywords: Political Trust, Hong Kong, One country two systems, and Chief Executive of Hong Kong