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  • 學位論文

公共投資與經濟成長:分量迴歸法之應用

Public Investment and Economic Growth: A Quantile Regression Approach

指導教授 : 李顯峰

摘要


公共投資常被視為經濟成長的引擎之一,早期研究經濟成長的過程僅探討總投資對於經濟成長的影響,直到近年來許多學者開始區分公共資本與私人資本對於經濟成長的影響,然而有關政府公共投資對於經濟成長的實證文獻中,對於公共投資的經濟效果看法分歧。本文首次以分量迴歸方法來探討各國間政府資本與私人資本對於經濟成長的影響,由於分量迴歸模型能觀察到條件分配的不同分位點參數變動的情形,因此可揭示不同國家本質上的差異對經濟成長過程的差別。 本研究以1985至2005年間71個國家的跨國經濟數據來探討政府資本形成對於經濟成長的影響,並比較普通最小平方法與分量迴歸法的實證結果,而在分量迴歸實證研究中發現各國勞動產出與經濟成長皆存在異質性的現象。 在勞動生產力方面,OLS迴歸結果指出私人資本形成與人力資本對於勞動生產力皆有顯著的影響,而分量迴歸分析結果更清楚指出勞動生產力較高的國家,其私人資本與人力資本的增加更成促進勞動生產力的提升。此外,政府資本形成無論在OLS迴歸分析或是分量迴歸分析皆呈現顯著的效果,而分量迴歸的實證結果發現政府資本形成對於勞動生產力較低的國家有較大的貢獻,且隨著分位點的提升,政府資本形成對勞動生產力的影響逐漸減弱,甚至變為負的影響。 在經濟成長研究方面,OLS迴歸估計結果皆指出私人資本形成與政府資本形成對於經濟成長皆存在顯著的正向影響,且私人投資較政府投資對經濟成長影響的效果較明顯。然而應用分量迴歸實證結果發現在經濟成長率較高的國家,私人固定資本形成對於單位勞工實質產出成長率的影響較大;而在經濟成長率低的國家,政府固定資本形成對於單位勞工實質產出成長率有較強烈的促進作用。

並列摘要


A recent development in economic growth researches suggests that public capital per se contributes to economic growth; however, empirical studies indicate a relatively wide range of estimations of the effect of public capital in economic growth. Besides, most of these studies have imposed the same marginal effect on all countries or regions by estimating one coefficient for all samples. Using cross-sectional data with 71 countries over the period from 1985 to 2005, this paper investigates the issue of public capital in economic growth by adopting a quantile regression model which is allowed capture regional heterogeneity as well as the different characteristics of economic growth pattern. On the contrary to OLS estimation, this paper finds evidence of parameter heterogeneity in the results. In response to the increase of private capital, countries whose output level and economic growth rate are in the higher quantile have the stronger effect of private capital on economic growth than do countries whose growth rates are in the lower quantiles. The results from quantile regression also indicate that public capital is more productive in those low-quanitile countries than in those high-quantile countries.

參考文獻


Aghion, Philippe, and Peter Howitt (1992) “A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction.” Econometrica 60:323-351
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