毫米波頻段多通訊應用之超寬頻天線設計

Ultra-wideband antenna design for multi-communication applications in millimeter wave frequency band

林彥儒(Yen-Ju Lin)

指導教授 ： 周錫增

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/電信工程學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202103268

摘要

本論文提出毫米波頻段多通訊應用的超寬頻天線，操作頻率為24 GHz-72 GHz，其中的28/38 GHz主要為第五代通信系統使用、45 GHz給基於IEEE802.11aj標準的無線區域網絡，而57 GHz- 64 GHz 為全球免執照的WiGig系統。論文架構主要分為兩部分，第一部分提出超寬頻的韋瓦第天線，特色為線極化且頻寬非常的寬、具有高指向性且可以透過印刷電路板來製作，其高增益也可以彌補在毫米波頻段中由於空氣傳播所造成的嚴重損耗。本論文以平衡對稱的韋瓦第天線為基礎，透過非對稱切割不必要的基板來修正韋瓦第天線本身波束偏移的問題以及在天線臂上蝕刻槽孔來增進天線在低頻部分的頻寬。第二部分為超寬頻的螺旋天線，其特性為頻寬非常的寬，且具有圓極化的特性，圓極化天線可以減少因發射天線和接收天線之間未對準引起的極化失配損失，以及抑制來自地面和周圍物體反射信號引起的多徑干擾，為了使螺旋天線從雙向輻射變為單向輻射，來符合大多數的通訊應用，本論文在螺旋天線背面加上了一個金屬空腔以及吸波材料。論文中包含上述兩部分的文獻探討、設計流程、模擬結果、量測與討論。

關鍵字

毫米波 ； 超寬頻天線 ； 線極化 ； 圓極化 ； 多通訊應用

並列摘要

This paper proposes an ultrawideband antenna for multi-communication applications in the millimeter wave frequency band. The operating frequency is 24 GHz-72 GHz, of which 28/38 GHz is mainly used in the fifth-generation communication system, and 45 GHz for wireless local area network based on IEEE802.11aj standard. 57 GHz-64 GHz is a global license-free WiGig system; The paper structure is divided into two parts. The first part proposes an ultra-wideband Vivaldi antenna, which is characterized by linear polarization. very wide bandwidth. high directivity and can be made by printed circuit board. The high gain of Vivaldi antenna can also make up for the serious loss caused by air propagation in the millimeter wave band. Based on the balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna, we correct the beam squint of the Vivaldi antenna itself by cutting unnecessary substrates asymmetrically. Slots are etched on the antenna arm to increase the bandwidth of the low frequency part of the antenna. The second part is an ultra-wideband spiral antenna, which is characterized by a very wide bandwidth and circular polarization. Circularly polarized antenna can reduce the polarization mismatch loss caused by the misalignment of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and suppress the multipath interference caused by the reflected signal from the ground and surrounding objects. In this paper, a cavity and a absorber are added on the back of the spiral antenna to change from bidirectional radiation to unidirectional radiation, which can satisfy most communication applications. The thesis contains the above two parts of literature discussion, design process, simulation results, measurement and discussion.

並列關鍵字

Millimeter wave ； Ultrawideband antenna ； Linear Polarization ； Circular Polarization

參考文獻

[1] B. Yang, Z. Yu, Y. Dong, J. Zhou, and W. Hong, “Compact tapered slot antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave massive mimo systems,”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 6721–6727, 2017.

[2] M. Li and K. Luk, “Wideband magneto-electric dipole antenna for 60-GHz millimeter-wave communications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 3276–3279, 2015.

[3] L. Qiao, Y. Wang, Z. Zhao, and Z. Chen, “Range resolution enhancement for three-dimensional millimeter-wave holographic imaging,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 1422–1425, 2015.

[4] D.M. Sheen, D.L. McMakin, and T.E. Hall, “Three-dimensional millimeter-wave imaging for concealed weapon detection,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., 2001. 49(9): pp. 1581-92.

[5] D.M. Sheen, et al., “Near-field three-dimensional radar imaging techniques and applications,” Applied Optics, vol. 49, pp. E83-93, 2010.