臺灣眷村文化保存的國家與社會觀點分析

A Perspective of State and Society Relations on The Taiwan Military Dependent’s Villages’ Culture Preservation

張雲翔(Yun-Hsiang Chang)

指導教授 ： 李碧涵

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.01375

摘要

本文以國家/社會關係變遷的觀點，並以歷史結構法的途徑，探討2006-2007年民間台灣眷村文化保存行動與政府的相應策略。首先，作者分析台灣眷村及眷村文化保存思維的歷史起源，其次探討與眷村文化相關國家部門的歷史發展，包括國防部的眷村發展政策，及1970年代後獨立運作的文建會。最後，作者回歸2006-2007年台灣眷村文化保存行動的探討，析理眷村文化相關社群串聯的背景與過程，進一步討論國防部、文建會，及立法院，其面對民間遊說的因應策略。
在眷村文化部分，針對台灣眷村歷史，作者採用台灣眷村與「國家─社會」連帶(solidarity)關係的觀點分析，在「國家」層面包含了中華民國、日本，「社會」則是包括了中國大陸、台灣社會，台灣眷村便是在上述四個要素之間的變遷所交織而成，並形成台灣眷村多元文化的特色。臺灣眷村文化保存思維的起源部份，作者認為可以從眷村社群的文化危機意識、社會對於文化議題的認同，以及NGOs/NPOs的興起與「國家─社會」雙向互動模式等三面向來進行探討。
其次，作者探討國家組織之間的互動，包括跨部會小組的「眷村文化保存工作推動小組」，中央層級的國防部、文建會，地方層級的縣市政府文化局。透過本研究，作者認為兩大部會之間折衝的原因，是因為兩大中央部會各處在不同的「國家與社會」關係變遷中，並各自與社會產生不同的網絡，因而引發政府機構之間的折衝，國防部與文建會便是在上述的社會關係之下，對於民間眷村文化保存需求，採取了截然不同的態度。而「眷村文化保存工作推動小組」雖是協調性質的平台，但也是部會折衝的場域。
再者，作者探討2006-2007年台灣眷村文化保存工作的發展。作者認為眷村文化保存工作是在NGOs/NPOs、眷村文化社群、社區文化社群等三類社群各自扮演不同角色而開展，因此該項工作的參與者是多元而非單一，形成多元文化發展。同時，國家組織中的文建會、國防部，以及立法院，面對上述三類社群的眷村文化保存遊說，也依循各自的運作機制來因應民間眷村文化保存的需求。
最後，本文研究發現如下：1、台灣眷村文化因國家與社會的歷史變遷而造成多元文化發展特色。2、眷村文化保存工作是多元參與的結果而非只限於眷村居民的投入。3、台灣眷村文化保存的發展是先有「文化保存」概念而後有「眷村文化保存」 思維。4、國家組織並不是一個整合體，其各部門有折衝的關係，此關係源自於各部門與社會有不同的脈絡。5、眷村改建政策造成雙重效果，包括傳統眷村文化載體的消逝以及多元族群的交融與互動。因此，作者認為眷村文化保存工作的發展必須要由文建會扣連NGOs/NPOs，進行民間各類型社群與相關國家組織平台的整合與串聯工作，以因應後工業社會發展的趨勢。

關鍵字

眷村文化保存 ； 國家與社會關係 ； 台灣歷史脈絡 ； 眷村改建 ； 眷改條例文化修法

並列摘要

This paper, with the historical transformation of the state and society approach, examines the Taiwan military dependent’s villages’ (MDVs) culture preservation and its corresponding governmental policy in the year of 2006 and 2007. First, it analyzes the concept of MDVs’ culture preservation and its historical origin. Next, it discusses the MDVs’ culture preservation related state departments’ historical development, including The Ministry of National Defense’s (MND) the MDV development policy, and independent operation The Council for Cultural Affairs (CCA) after1970. Finally, it returns to the discussion of the MDVs’ culture preservation in the years of 2006 and 2007, the analysis of the background and the growth of the MDVs’ culture preservation related social and cultural groupings, and the governmental policy including MND, CCA, and The Legislative Yuan, for dealing with lobby.
In view of the MDVs’ history, the author applies the transformation of the state and society analysis method , the states and societies where states includes both the Republic of China and Japan, and societies included mainland China and Taiwan society. Taiwan MDVs is the end product of interweaves among the above four essential factors, and later develops its unique multicultural characteristic. The study of Taiwan MDVs’ cultural preservation entails the investigation in three parts: the cultural crisis facing the Taiwan MDVs’ residents, the consensus of the cultural issue among Taiwan society, as well as the rise of NGOs/NPOs within the state and society’s structure of interaction.
Next, the author studies the interactions among national organizations including inter-ministerial working group “MDVs’ cultural preservation working group”, MND, CCA, and Cultural Affairs Bureau in local governments. Through this research, it is believed that the relationship between MND and CCA is negotiational, because those two departments have different the state and society relations and its own network. Thus, MND and CCA are dealing with Taiwan MDVs’ cultural in an entirely different manner. Nevertheless, the MDVs’ cultural preservation working group becomes a platform for coordination among different groups, and it also evolved as a stage for negotiation.
Moreover, by examining the development of the MDVs’ cultural preservation in 2006 and 2007, it is believed that the preservation work is expanded by NGOs/NPOs, MDVs’ cultural grouping, and community culture grouping where each of these three groups plays its own roles. Thus, it is not one single but several social groupings involving in this work, and result in multicultural development. Meanwhile, the state departments including MND, CCA are working with these three groups mentioned above in their own ways to respond to the social need of MDV’s cultural preservation.
To sum up, it is concluded that: 1. The culture of MDVs in Taiwan has been transformed into a multicultural development that is influenced by the historical transformation of the state and society. 2. The preservation work of MDVs’ culture is being carrying out by various social groupings not just limited to the residents of MDVs. 3. It’s observed the idea of “culture preservation” emerged earlier than the idea of “the preservation of MDVs’ culture” in relation to the development of MDVs’ culture preservation. 4. The state is not an embodiment, because departments have different the state and society relations and its own network. 5. The policy of MDVs’ rebuilding resulted in double effects, including the vanishing of traditional MDVs’ cultural vessel, and the interaction among multi-ethnic groups. Therefore, to meet the trend of post-modern society, the author suggested that the development of MDVs’ cultural preservation requires the connection between CCA and NGOs/NPOs and the integration of different types of social groupings and the state departments.

並列關鍵字

MDVs’ culture preservation ； The state and society relations ； Taiwan history development ； MDVs rebuilding ； Culture amendment of Taiwan MDVs’ rebuilding law

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