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  • 學位論文

程序環境人權在區域組織的建構與發展:歐盟與東協的比較與反思

The Construction and Development of Procedural Environmental Rights in Regional Organizations: The Comparison of EU and ASEAN

指導教授 : 張文貞
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摘要


在國際環境法與人權法的匯流之下,與環境相關的權利論述,在近年有相當的發展,其中又以程序環境人權為發展重點,無論是在國際環境法或是國際人權法中都獲得重視。值得探討的是,此一強調程序環境人權的發展趨勢,是否在區域組織或規範機制中亦有相似的發展?在不同的區域組織之間,發展進程與形塑發展的因子是否相同?為了回答前述問題,本文選定東南亞國協與歐洲聯盟為觀察對象,探討環境相關權利的國際法論述於這兩個區域組織中是否展現同樣的發展趨勢,並探討背後因素。 本文發現,國際環境相關權利的論述雖以程序環境人權為發展重點,但反映到區域之後,因區域背景與組織特色的影響,在歐盟與東協的脈絡之下皆呈現不同的發展趨勢。相較之下,歐盟之趨勢與國際法趨勢較為相近,東協則呈現較多差異。而在界定區域組織的特色如何帶動、形塑、或阻礙程序環境人權之發展上,本文發現區域中互動結構、規範型態以及機關設置的不同,皆可能影響權利論述的發展。基於上述理解及本文對於東協的關懷,本文進一步觀察東協內部整合路徑、東協之定位以及東南亞區域的互動結構,反思東協未來發展程序環境人權之空間與可能性,並提出東協未來發展程序環境人權之最適路徑提案。

並列摘要


The convergence of international environmental law and human rights law has enhanced the development of environmental rights in recent years. Within the trend of the development in international law, the procedural environmental rights have gained the position as the focal point, supported by both discourses within international environmental law and human rights law. While there is such phenomenon within international law, it is worthwhile to research on whether similar trend can be found in regional level; and whether different regional organizations would perform different trends shaped by different factors. To answer these questions, this Thesis selected two regional organizations, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the European Union (EU), to become the objects of observation, with the aims to observe the trend of the development in regional level, and to analyze the determining factors within these regional organizations affecting the legal process. This Thesis submitted that, despite the fact that the international environmental right discourse has procedural environmental rights as its focal point of development, in the context of regions, both EU and ASEAN submitted different routes of trend. While the trend within EU is closer to the trend in international law, ASEAN by contrast, presents a rather different route of development. Regarding the determining factors shaping the norm within regional level, this Thesis submitted that there are three factors that could shape and affect the discourse of procedural environmental rights, including the structure of regional interaction, the pattern of norms and the design of institution. Based on this understanding and encouraged by the concern of this Thesis on ASEAN, this Thesis further observed the integration roadmap of ASEAN, the characters of ASEAN and the regional interaction structure; considered the potential of ASEAN in developing the discourse of procedural environmental rights; and provided two proposals for future development.

參考文獻


張文貞、呂尚雲(2011)。〈兩公約與環境人權的主張〉,《台灣人權學刊》,1卷1期,頁69-102。
陳仲沂(2011)。〈從區域主義觀點論冷戰結束後歐盟與東協發展歷程之異同〉,《台灣國際研究季刊》,7卷1期,頁171-194。
楊昊(2010)。〈同舟如何共濟?東協區域災難合作的集體行動邏輯〉,《台灣東南亞學刊》,7卷2期,頁21-62。
廖福特(2011)。〈東南亞國協政府間人權委員會之研究-歷史、組織、職權〉,《台灣國際法季刊》,8卷3期,頁113-178。
呂尚雲(2011)。《國際人權機制對環境議題之回應與啟示》,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文(未出版),台北。

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陳子珺(2016)。反核子擴散條約之規範機制:以跨國規範化歷程為分析途徑〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201603090
陳文葳(2015)。政府間氣候變遷小組的建構、組織與功能演變:以跨國法制歷程觀點分析〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.01642

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