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  • 學位論文

採用GSI參數指標之動態路徑導引系統開發-以臺灣國道路網系統應用為例

Development of Dynamic Route Planning System based on Green and Safety Index:A Case Study of Taiwan Freeway System

指導教授 : 張堂賢
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摘要


過往國內針對高速公路系統之路段道路設施服務水準評估標準,僅由「道路交通壅塞程度」(V/C值,流量與容量對比)及「行車順暢水準情形」(平均速率與速限差距)兩項指標進行評估,此即僅以個別用路人車行順暢速率狀況「旅行時間成本」為主要考量;但在針對整合高速公路整體系統所有用路人共同面對之其他成本項目部分,包括「交通安全潛在成本」及「環境保護成本」等重要社會成本量測指標部分,皆未納入目前服務水準評估指標內容,顯見目前服務水準評估標準僅偏重個別用路人單一需求情形。 為有效完整考量道路系統中所有用路人共同面對之成本項目,故本研究採用綜合型綠色交通指標(Green and Safety Index for traffic services, GSI)所構建之多項目考量內容,除個別用路人之「旅行時間延滯成本參數」外,並將「潛在肇事機率成本參數」及「碳排放增量成本參數」納入道路服務水準內容進行評估考量,整合作為以採用綠色交通指標(GSI)動態路徑導引系統開發之參考依據。本研究採用臺灣高速公路電子計程收費系統(ETC)所建置之縱向國道交通參數收集系統(TDCS)資料,及整合未納入電子收費系統範圍之橫向國道VD資料內容,構建成依時性完整高速公路路網系統路段交通流量、車種組成及平均旅行速率之綜合型資料庫內容。 為解決傳統路徑導引程式,僅依照路徑長度、空間距離作為最佳路徑方案導引之決策變數,但忽略未考慮路徑過程之實際交通路況或社會成本等問題;故本研究採用高速公路路網系統中,分別以「路段旅行時間」及「綠色交通指標(GSI)成本金額」兩項不同目標函數,做為最佳路徑方案尋優考量,並建置一適用於整體路網系統之依時性A*路徑演算系統,以取得同樣旅次起、訖地點與出發時間之「最短旅行時間路徑」與「GSI成本最小路徑」可能不同方案建議結果。兩不同建議方案分別代表以個別用路人或整體用路人不同利益考量之路徑導引方案結果,前者可用於個人化APP路徑導引軟體應用;後者可為道路管理單位,在強化綠色交通運輸與路徑導引應用之管理措施研擬參考。

並列摘要


Traditionally the roadway level of service (LOS) is based on the volume-capacity (V/C) ratio, which measures the volume of traffic. This approach uses the cost in terms of travel time as a basis but it lacks consideration in other the costs relevant to the roadway network; such as the cost of environmental protection and the potential social cost of traffic safety. It is apparent that the roadway LOS currently puts biased emphasis on the personal needs of the individual road users. In order to capture the costs to each road user, this study examined the highways in Taiwan and established three indicators:the cost of travel delay, the cost of incremental carbon emissions, and the cost of potential accidents. Traffic data TDCS from the electronic toll collection system (ETC) in Taiwan were collected and analyzed to build comprehensive databases, which include traffic flow, vehicles composition and average travel speed. VD data from the highways without ETC were also included to build the databases. The results were integrated into a Green and Safety Index for traffic service (GSI) to replace the current approach in evaluating the standard of the roadway LOS. The traditional route planning program usually measures the total travel time from the travel distance. However, it does not consider real time traffic condition nor the social costs incurred. This study constructs a time-dependent A* route planning system to find the optimum route to the assigned destination : the route with the shortest travel time and the minimum costs in GSI. Options are given to allow the users to choose a route that best fit their personal preferences. This program can be used by the individual road users as an application. Furthermore, this program can also provide data to the traffic control centers as reference in green traffic management.

參考文獻


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