情境因素、子公司決策自主權與子公司績效關係之研究—以大陸台商為例

Contingency Factors, Subsidiary Autonomy, and Subsidiary Performance—Taiwanese Firms in Mainland China

陳采萍(Tsai-Ping Chen)

指導教授 ： 朱文儀

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/商學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.02672

摘要

本研究以台商大陸子公司為研究對象，進行多國企業子公司決策自主權影響因素之探討，並檢視情境因素與決策自主權的配適，對於子公司績效所造成的影響。本研究探討的情境因素包括三個構面：環境特性、子公司特性，以及母公司特性。經問卷調查後，得到有效廠商家數共計73家，本研究以多元迴歸分析檢視各自變數對於子公司決策自主權及績效配適的影響。研究結果發現：
1.在子公司決策自主權之影響變數方面，「子公司資源與能力」及「母公司海外經營年數」兩項變數均會造成子公司決策自主權之顯著正向影響。而「環境不確定性」對於自主權的影響關係則不顯著。
2.在績效配適方面，「子公司資源與能力」及「子公司決策自主權」的配適，對於子公司績效之正向影響，獲得部分支持。而「環境不確定性」及「母公司海外經營年數」兩項變數與自主權之間的配適，對績效的影響則不顯著。
本研究的結果支持Pfeffer與Salancik(1978)的資源依賴說觀點，部分支持Nohria & Ghoshal(1994)的差異化配適概念。而本研究中某些檢定不顯著的原因，推論可能是本研究精簡過多解釋變數，以及本研究只衡量子公司經理人之認知，忽略母公司經理人之認知所導致。
本研究的發現，部分驗證了現有子公司自主權文獻中的隱含假設，即良好配適能對營運效能之正面影響。另外，本研究亦建議子公司應發展其資源與能力，以增加決策自主權，進而提升績效。而母公司應依照個別子公司之資源與能力的不同，給予不同程度的授權，以增進多國企業之整體營運效能。

關鍵字

多國企業 ； 子公司 ； 自主權 ； 配適 ； 績效

並列摘要

Taking the subsidiaries of Taiwanese multinational in Mainland China as the research object, this study intends to investigates the determinants of the subsidiary autonomy in multinational companies and how the fit (or misfit) between contingency factors and subsidiary autonomy influences subsidiary performance. Base on the existing literature, this study identifies three contingency variables, including: environment al characteristics, subsidiary characteristics, and corporate parent characteristics. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and 73 companies were finally used as the research sample. The study uses multiple regression analysis as the main statistical tool to examine the determinants of subsidiary autonomy and the performance impact of contingency fit. The main findings are as follows:
1. Regarding the determinants of subsidiary autonomy, “resource and capabilities of subsidiary” and “experiences of overseas operations of corporate parents” show significant positive influences on subsidiary autonomy. The relationship between “environmental uncertainty” and subsidiary autonomy is, however, not significant.
2. With respect to the performance implications of contingency fit, the result partially supports that the fit between “resource and capabilities of subsidiary” and “subsidiary autonomy” yields a significant positive influence on subsidiary performance. However, the interaction of “environmental uncertainty”, “experience of overseas operations of corporate parents” does not have a significant impact on performance.
The results of this study partially echoed the resource dependence perspective (Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978) and the concept of differentiated fit in multinationals (Nohria & Ghoshal, 1994). In terms of the insignificant findings, it is possible that this study investigated only three determinants of subsidiary autonomy, with other possible determinants unexamined. In addition, this study only assessed the perception of subsidiary managers, while the opinions of headquarters managers are not examined. All these might influence the significance of the analytical models.
Findings of this study verify the implicit notions in the existing literature of subsidiary autonomy. That is: the fit between contingency variables and subsidiary autonomy positively influences subsidiary performance. The findings of this study imply that subsidiaries should develop their own resources and capabilities to increase their autonomy as well as performance. Corporate parents should delegate different levels of autonomy to different subsidiaries, depending on their differentiated resources and capabilities, to enhance the overall performance of the multinationals.

並列關鍵字

multinational company ； subsidiary ； autonomy ； fit ； performance

參考文獻

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