都市焚化廠底渣再利用於鋪面工程及現地環境監測

Reuse of Municipal Incinerator Bottom Ash as Road Base Material and on Site Environmental Monitoring

吳佩勳(Pei-Hsun Wu)

指導教授 ： 林正芳

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.01576

摘要

由於底渣材料具良好的工程特質，一如天然骨材，已有歐洲先進國家如荷蘭、法國等國，將底渣作為道路鋪面之級配，取代部份骨材之應用實績，無產生對環境不良負荷影響。為研究焚化底渣再利用於道路舖面滲出水特性，因此，於台北縣萬里鄉以底渣作為道路路基及骨材，鋪設四段研究試驗道路，進行現場實體溶出監測環境以與實驗室模擬溶出試驗，據此研究成果，將可提供為國內推廣底渣應用於鋪面工程之參考。

基本特性分析方面，重金屬總量則以Cu（2800~7700 mg/kg）以及Zn（2700~4200 mg/kg）含量較高，其次為Pb（900~1700 mg/kg）；實驗室模擬部分可分為動態管柱實驗以及半動態實驗：動態管柱試驗採用e級配（加藥與未加藥）、底渣（未處理）、水洗e級配、水洗底渣以及水洗底渣和天然山級配之不同道路配比（100/0、80/20、20/80、40/60、60/40、0/100），結果顯示，TOC、氯鹽、重金屬各項指數，均為初期有最大溶出，而隨著時間的增加，大約10天後，已無明顯的溶出。經過水洗程序後之樣品約可以減少一半以上之氯鹽及TOC，重金屬溶出部分亦有相當程度的減少；半動態試驗採用水洗e級配、添加0.2%乾式穩定劑e級配、添加0.6%乾式穩定劑e級配、e級配（未加藥）、水洗底渣，則以Cu的溶出量最大（小於180 mg/kg），Pb次之（小於140 mg/kg），約在五天後已無明顯之溶出，亦可見管柱實驗與半動態實驗，擁有相同之趨勢。實場監測部分，除道路鋪設完成後，於94年五月採樣外，另於95年7/2至96年1/19日中採集滲出水、地下水以及路面沖刷水，分析其pH值、導電度、氯鹽、TOC以及重金屬濃度，已有下降趨緩之趨勢，且所得知各項監測數值，並無明顯之溶出情形。

自94年5月路面鋪設，至今已近兩年，相當於本實驗室管柱淋洗約16天，而將現場監測數據與實驗室數據做比較，現場各項數值已趨向微量溶出，與實驗室模擬大致上符合。

關鍵字

焚化底渣 ； 道路 ； 溶出試驗 ； 監測 ； 再利用

並列摘要

Re-utilization of incinerator bottom ash was already considered many years ago. A possibility of reusing bottom ash was actually being taken into account in some European countries. Because the bottom ash material has engineering properties and low assessment of the environmental effect, it is possible to use the bottom ash as an aggregate substitute in road construction element. So we had an experimental road which used incinerated bottom ash as aggregate material in Wanli Township, Taipei County and monitored the environment in Wanli. Moreover, the study also simulated the leaching of acid rain and analyzed leaching solution of bottom ash.

In the total amount of heavy metal, Cu (2800~7700 mg/kg) and Zn (2700~4200 mg/kg) were highest, second was Pb (900~1700 mg/kg). There are two parts of the simulated experiment. One is dynamic column test and the other is semi-dynamic leaching test. In both two simulated experiment, they are aimed to find out the concentration of heavy metal, TOC and Cl- which were the largest in the beginning and were lower as time goes. There was trace dissolution about 10 days later and accumulation of heavy metal which was present to be small concentration (Cu<180 mg/kg; Pb<140 mg/kg) as compared with total amount of heavy metal. Not only were the leaches of TOC and Cl- reduced about a half after the washing process but also the leaches of heavy metal were also lower after the washing process. On site, the monitoring of environment included the leaching of road, ground water, washing water of road surface, and rainfall. The value of pH, conductivity, TOC and Cl- in road tended to be small and stable. Furthermore, all value of heavy metal was not significant.

It has been almost two years equal to 16 days in column test since the road established. It was similar to contrast the result of simulated experiment in laboratory and on site environmental monitoring.

並列關鍵字

incinerator bottom ash ； road ； leaching test ； monitoring ； reuse

參考文獻

林正芳，無機污泥材料化技術研究報告，行政院環境保護署，2002年。

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