黃吸蟲病(Yellow grub disease)為扁彎口吸蟲(Clinostomum complanatum)囊幼(Metacercriae)寄生於魚體造成之疾病。扁彎口吸蟲屬於複殖吸蟲,生活史複雜,需要淡水螺類、魚類和食魚性鳥類等三種寄主,且寄主專一性低,人類若誤食遭受感染之魚類則可能導致咽喉炎症狀。本研究自102年3月至103年4月,為期14個月,針對大漢溪流域中由扁彎口吸蟲囊幼寄生於魚體所致之魚類黃吸蟲病進行監測研究,以了解該吸蟲在大漢溪流域魚類之感染狀況。 監測結果發現,在五處採樣水域中,有三條河川的魚類檢測出扁彎口吸蟲感染;其中以三民溪魚類感染最為嚴重(盛行率31.7%),其次為湳仔溝溪(盛行率20.5%)、後池堰下游(盛行率2.03%);而雪霧鬧溪和水庫庫區魚類則皆未檢出。於監測期間採集1503尾魚類樣本,遭扁彎口吸蟲感染樣本全數均為鯉科魚類,計有8種141尾,即臺灣石賓49尾、鯽魚1尾、鯉魚1尾、唇䱻1尾、臺灣鏟頷魚1尾、臺灣鬚鱲31尾、粗首鱲22尾及平頷鱲33尾。 遭受感染的魚類中,以臺灣石賓(盛行率31.8%、平均感染強度10.6隻囊幼�魚、平均豐富度3.4隻囊幼�魚)、臺灣鬚鱲(盛行率9%、平均感染強度14.4隻囊幼�魚、平均豐富度1.3隻囊幼�魚)、粗首鱲(盛行率20.6%、平均感染強度7隻囊幼�魚、平均豐富度1.4隻囊幼�魚)及平頷鱲(盛行率16.1%、平均感染強度4.8隻囊幼�魚、平均豐富度0.8隻囊幼�魚)為主要感染魚種,其中又以臺灣石賓最為嚴重。 4種主要感染魚種中,發現扁彎口吸蟲主要感染之魚體微環境主要集中於肌肉(22.2%)、鰓蓋(20.7%)、下頷(17.2%)、尾柄(11.6%)及口腔(11.5%) 5處,其中僅臺灣石賓有遭扁彎口吸蟲寄生於肌肉深處。 將數據進一步進行統計學分析,顯示4種主要感染魚種中,僅平頷鱲在三民溪中吸蟲感染情形明顯較湳仔溝溪與後池堰下游嚴重,而其他魚種之感染情形則無河川別的差異。魚體體型與感染參數間之相關性分析中,僅粗首鱲之體型大小與感染情形有關,其他魚種則無。在魚體微環境感染強度之比較中,顯示臺灣石賓在肌肉處之吸蟲感染強度較臺灣鬚鱲、粗首鱲及平頷鱲高,其他部位之感染強度則無魚種間差異。此外,在本監測研究中,扁彎口吸蟲的感染情形與水溫和流速均無相關性,且無月分別之差異。 與過去研究結果進行比較,除新發現5種鯉科魚類遭受感染外,可得知本研究所調查之吸蟲感染程度較過去研究為低。 本監測研究中,採集162隻淡水螺類樣本進行扁彎口吸蟲尾幼檢驗,僅1隻臺灣椎實螺釋出扁彎口吸蟲之叉尾型尾動幼蟲,且利用具專一性引子進行扁彎口吸蟲分子生物學檢測,亦無檢測到扁彎口吸蟲之DNA存在。 本監測結果顯示大漢溪流域具備扁彎口吸蟲完成生活史所需之寄主,因此大漢溪流域已為此吸蟲所分佈之區域。
Yellow grub disease is yellow grub metacercriae caused by parasites in the fish. Clinostomum complanatum is a trematodes, life cycle need to switch to a different host, and the host specificity is low. If humans eating contaminated fish will have the opportunity to suffer symptoms caused by clinostomum pharyngitis. This study from 102 March to 103 April, will to research for yellow grub disease in Tahan River basin. In 1,503 fish samples, a total of 141 to be infected; which San Min River had most serious infection (prevalence 31.7%), followed by Nan Zu Gou River (prevalence 20.5%), the Hou Tse Yen Downstream (2.03%). She Wu Nau River and Shihmen Reservoir alone did not detect the yellow grub disease. In infected fishs, most serious is A. paradoxus, Z. barbata, Z. pachycephalus and Z. platypus. More than 80% parasites found in oral cavity, under mouth, opercle, muscle, caudal fin. Infection have no difference between the month. The monitoring results found that 162 samples of freshwater snails, only one R. swinhoei release cercaria of C. complanatum. Not detected by molecular biological detection C. complanatum DNA. The results show that the Tahan River basin with C. complanatum required to complete the life cycle of the host, so the C. complanatum has been prevailing in Tahan River basin. Shimen Reservoir is an important tourist places, so consumers should be careful to eat fish.