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  • 學位論文

《莊子》的挑戰:論郭象如何詮釋《莊子》

Challenging Chuang-Tzu :A Study on Kuo-Hsiang's Interpretation of Chuang-Tzu

指導教授 : 林麗真

摘要


本論文不同於一般學術史的研究,不從外在的學術發展或思想源流探討郭象的《莊子注》,而是單純從《莊子》文本的內部考察郭象注釋《莊子》的方法及其意義。 本論文第一章,討論問題意識與研究方法。筆者認為,如果想深入了解郭象為何會作出這樣的注釋,就必須了解「郭象眼中的《莊子》」為何;只有儘可能站在郭象的角度設想,才能明白他如何閱讀《莊子》,進而體悟他如此作注的理由何在。 本論文第二章,討論郭象的「寄言解讀法」。「寄言」,郭象用以說明不可將《莊子》中的某些內容信以為真,而當察其寫作之意圖何在,才能得到真正的「莊生之旨」。郭象將《莊子》一書中比較荒誕無稽的內容、及批判聖人的內容,視為「寄言」,並透過三種解讀模式的交互使用,指出《莊子》之本旨並非出世思想,亦非詆譭聖人,而是「涉俗蓋世」之談。 本論文第三章,討論郭象的「詭辭辨證法」。「詭辭」,指的是不合乎一般邏輯常識的語言表達方式。郭象認為,《莊子》之所以運用「詭辭」進行寫作,是以解消二元對立的思維為目的,以期讀者領悟「無對」的思維,以實現一「萬物獨化」的和諧世界。 本論文第四章,討論郭象的「篇章統貫法」。《莊子》一書共有三十三個篇章,各篇主題不同,有些內容亦有衝突存在;郭象為了解消這些可能存在的文意衝突,並將各個主題儘可能縮限為同一主旨,採用了「以莊解莊」的方法,為《莊子》形構出一個首尾完整且環環相扣的思想體系。 本論文第五章,全書綜論,探討「郭象眼中的《莊子》」,作出了三點總結。

關鍵字

郭象 莊子注 經典詮釋 詮釋學 注釋方法 寄言 無對

並列摘要


This study is different from common studies of Chinese academic history, which discuss Kuo-Hsiang's Commentary on Chuang-Tzu from the perspectives of Chinese academic development or the origin of thoughts. On the contrary, this study tries to explore the methods and meanings of Kuo-Hsiang's commentary on Chuang-Tzu within the scope of the text in Chuang-Tzu. The first chapter of this study discusses the research questions and methods. From my point of view, if we want to know why Kuo-Hsiang made such comments on Chuang-Tzu, we have to understand Chuang-Tzu from Kuo-Hsiang's perspectives. Only by putting ourselves in Kuo-Hsiang's shoes can we realize the reasons of his commentary on Chuang-Tzu. The second chapter of this study discusses Kuo-Hsiang's interpretation of the“implicit contents”(chi-yen寄言) in Chuang-Tzu. Kuo-Hsiang argued that parts of the contents in Chuang-Tzu are implicit; therefore, people should understand the intention of Chuang-Tzu's writing in order to grasp his main ideas. Kuo-Hsiang regarded the contents that seem to be ridiculous, or the contents that criticize saints as the implicit contents in Chuang-Tzu. Through using three types of interpretation models, Kuo-Hsiang indicated that the main idea of Chuang-Tzu is neither to encourage people to become hermits nor to defame saints; on the contrary, it is“to engage in the world and care for people.”(she-su-kai-shih涉俗蓋世) The third chapter of this study discusses Kuo-Hsiang's dialectics for the paradox in Chuang-Tzu. Paradox signifies the expression that is against logic and common knowledge. Kuo-Hsiang argued that the paradox in Chuang-Tzu is aimed at eliminating binary opposition thinking and anticipating that readers understand the concept of“non-opposite”(wu-tui無對) in order to accomplish a peaceful world that“all things on earth can grow and develop spontaneously.”(wan-wu-tu-hua萬物獨化) The fourth chapter of this study discusses Kuo-Hsiang's method of integrating the chapters in Chuang-Tzu. There are thirty-three chapters in Chuang-Tzu, and each chapter has a different topic. Besides, conflicts also exist among contents of some chapters. In order to eliminate the existing conflicts and narrow down the topics, Kuo-Hsiang adopted the method of“interpreting Chuang-Tzu in light of the contents in Chuang-Tzu.”(i-chuang-chieh-chuang以莊解莊) He then formed an intact ideology that closely connects one chapter with another in Chuang-Tzu. The last chapter reviews the whole study and discusses Chuang-Tzu from Kuo-Hsiang's point of view. The study comes to three conclusions in the end.

參考文獻


牟宗三:《才性與玄理》,台北:學生書局,1975年11月
徐復觀:《中國人性論史》,台北:商務印書館,1969年1月
劉笑敢:《詮釋與定向——中國哲學研究方法之探究》,北京:商務印書館,2009年3月
戴璉璋:《玄智、玄理與文化發展》,台北:中研院文哲所,2002年3月
陳志強:〈對郭象哲學所受質疑提出辯解〉,《清華學報》,新44卷,第3期,2014年9月

被引用紀錄


蔡育螢(2017)。分析心理學思維下的《易》學詮釋——以衛德明為考察中心〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201701924

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