電動車通勤旅次出發時間及充電機會選之均衡模式研發

Electric Vehicle Morning-Evening Commute Departure Time and Charging Opportunities Equilibrium Model

張達全(Kenny Chandra Wijaya)

指導教授 ： 許聿廷

共同指導教授 ： 坂井勝哉(Katsuya Sakai)

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202201651

摘要

電動汽車 (EV) 已在全球興起。然而，電動汽車司機的行為不太可能與汽油車 (GV) 司機相似。具體而言，主要差異體現在能量補充持續時間方面，這一特性可能會影響整個交通系統。本研究考察了電動汽車司機在一天（早晚）通勤期間的出發時間和充電決定方面的行為影響。瓶頸模型在兩個走廊中開發：（i）嵌入單個瓶頸（道路瓶頸）的非充電路徑和（ii）嵌入串聯瓶頸（道路瓶頸和充電站）的充電路徑。採用用戶均衡原則來刻畫通勤者的出發時間和收費決策。此外，本研究引入了不連續的效用感知，例如不連續和線性效用，以捕捉出發時間建模的方差表示。不穩定效用被定義為通勤者在家中的效用由於各種原因而不穩定的情況，例如，家庭時間或晨練對某些人來說至關重要。不連續效用數值實驗表明，與恆定效用相比，大量通勤者在不連續分水嶺時間之後的短暫時刻離開，並且當不連續和期望到達/離開分水嶺時間相對接近時，會發生這種現象。結果可能意味着，與恆定效用相比，非恆定效用方法可能代表了通勤者行為的獨特寫照。最後，本研究通過提出固定收費方案成功優化了系統，該方案提高了效率並最大限度地降低了一日通勤總社會成本。

關鍵字

電動汽車 ； 瓶頸模型 ； 平日通勤均衡 ； 無常效用 ； 固定充電價格

並列摘要

Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged globally. However, the behavior of EV drivers is unlikely to be similar to Gasoline Vehicle (GV) drivers. Particularly, the major difference is manifested in the energy replenishment duration aspect, and this trait may affect the overall transportation system. This research examines the behavioral impact of EV drivers in terms of their departure time and charging decisions during a one-day (morning-evening) commute session. A bottleneck model is developed in two corridors: (i) a non-charging path embedded by a single bottleneck (road bottleneck) and (ii) a charging path embedded by a tandem bottleneck (road bottleneck and charging station). The user equilibrium principle is adopted to portray commuters’ departure time and charging decisions. Moreover, this study introduces inconstant utility perceptions such as discontinuous and linear utilities to capture variance representation of departure time modeling. Inconstant utility is defined as a condition where commuters’ utility at home is unsteady for various reasons, for instance, family time or morning exercise is pivotal for some people. Discontinuous utility numerical experiment demonstrates a noticeable result compare with constant utility where numerous commuters depart in an ephemeral moment after the discontinuous watershed time, and this phenomenon occurs when discontinuous and desired arrival/departure watershed times are relatively close. The result may imply that the inconstant utility approach may represent a unique portrayal of commuters’ behavior compared with constant utility. Lastly, this research successfully optimized the system by proposing a fixed charging price scheme that improves efficiency and minimizes the one-day commute total social cost.

並列關鍵字

Electric Vehicle ； Bottleneck Model ； One-Day Commuting Equilibrium ； Inconstant Utility ； Fixed Charging Price

參考文獻

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