假訊息的澄清對政治認同及政治知識不同選民之候選人評價的影響

自2016年起，假訊息就因選舉而被多方討論。對許多政治人物來說，是一項無法迴避的課題。由於數位時代的來臨，社群媒體被民眾廣泛使用。在選舉時，許多政治人物常會使用這類新興媒體來提高政治好感度，但卻也使得假訊息得以迅速流竄。以目前來說，候選人面對假訊息的方式是出面澄清，但許多國外研究卻發現並非有效。本研究欲探討在經過澄清假訊息後，候選人的評價是否會因為臺灣選民不同的政治認同與政治知識的差異，而產生負面影響本研究採用實驗法，並以量化研究作為基礎。研究結果發現：(1) 對於參與選舉的候選人來說，只要經過澄清，就會有正面的影響；(2) 政治知識的高低差異並不會干擾澄清效果；(3) 不同的政治認同，不會影響澄清效果；(4) 就某種來度來說，相較於外國選民，臺灣選民是理性的。因此，本研究建議欲參與選舉的政治人物，當面對假訊息時，一定要出面進行澄清。只要經過澄清，一定會是正面效果，而此效果不易受到政治認同及政治知識的干擾與影響。在短期執行建議上，可以採用：(1) 妥善運用既有管道；(2) 平衡報導，並加以廣布；(3) 澄清力道加大。而以長期來說，可以採用：(1) 導入人工智慧及聊天機器人；(2) 建立獎勵的法令，以強化民眾分享意願。

關鍵字

假訊息；假新聞；澄清；候選人評價；政治認同；政治知識

並列摘要

Since 2016, disinformation has been widely discussed due to democratic elections. For many politicians, it is an unavoidable course to deal with disinformation. In the advent of the digital age, social media are widely used in public. During elections, politicians often use those new media to increase their political favorability, but it also makes a lot of disinformation spread quickly. At present, candidates have to face disinformation by clarification, but many foreign studies have found that it’s inefficient. Compared to foreign studies, this thesis intends to explore whether candidates’ evaluations after clarifying disinformation will have a negative impact due to differences in political identity and political knowledge of Taiwan’s voters This research adopts an experimentation method which is based on quantitative research. The research results are presented based on the following four issues: (1) For the political candidates, as long as clarifying disinformation, they will have a positive effect on their evaluation; (2) Whether political knowledge is high or not, it does not interfere with the clarification effect; (3) Political identities have no impact on clarification effect; (4) To some degree, compared to foreign voters, Taiwanese voters somehow are rational. Therefore, the research suggests that politicians who want to run for elections must come forward with clarification when facing disinformation. The clarification definitely will have a positive effect on candidate evaluation, and it will not be easily interfered by political identities and political knowledge. As for the short-term recommendations: (1) To use properly existing channels; (2) Make balanced reports and spread them widely; (3) To strengthen the power of clarification. In the long term, it can be adopted: (1) To introduce artificial intelligence and chatbots; (2) To establishing rewards ordinances to promote people's willingness to sharing.