應用於長鏈狀超高壓輸電線無線監測網路自適應封包轉傳機制之研究

An Adaptive Packet Hopping Mechanism for Long-Chain Transmission Line Monitoring Networks

曾楷勝(Kai-Sheng Tseng)

指導教授 ： 江昭皚

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/生物產業機電工程學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201900184

摘要

隨著台灣產業的蓬勃發展，電力系統的負載也漸漸提高，然而電力系統超載會造成跳電與電力系統的損毀。現代科技仰賴電力的程度居高不下，當電力系統發生跳電或是損毀的情況將會造成人們的不便與經濟的嚴重損失。因此電力系統的安全與配電問題漸漸成為一項重要的課題。由於輸電線之電壓、電流與環境參數將會影響電力系統中的輸電線負載，透過監測輸電線的電壓、電流與環境參數等資訊，可以建立出電力監測系統，再結合資料分析與雲端運算技術，將能有效提升電力系統之穩定性與可靠度，降低電力系統因為輸電線超載所導致的跳電與電力系統損毀。此套監測系統即為智慧電網中電力系統監控之部分，而智慧電網的建構也能輔助台灣電力公司在輸電與配電的決策，並且透過智慧電網的監測系統，也能防止大規模的跳電事件發生而導致經濟財產損失。然而智慧電網的建構需要有穩定且低延遲性的傳輸，才能將輸電線感測資料即時的回傳至後端資料庫提供專業人員分析。利用感測資料即可預測未來可能的用電高峰、跳電危險與輸電線垂降等可能發生之危機，同時就能夠建立出屬於台灣電力系統的智慧電網技術。故本研究將會以超高壓輸電線路之環境建立出輸電線監測系統，透過輸電線監測系統所收集的感測資料，相關研究人員將能透過該資料做為電力調配之參考。超高壓輸電線線路長且電塔間距較大，因此資料傳輸需要靠適當的路由機制來協助資料轉傳，且高壓電塔所在的環境要獲得電力資源較為困難，智慧電網對於資料傳輸的即時性與穩定性也相當嚴苛，因此資料傳輸之耗能情況也需要加以考慮。本研究利用無線區域網路轉傳的方式將超高壓輸電線線路上的感測數據傳回資料庫。本研究開發之路由演算法能夠優化傳輸功率、延遲時間與封包接收率等無線傳輸指標，最後實踐於台灣超高壓輸電線來驗證本論文所開發之路由演算法。為了驗證路由演算法之正確性，本論文也會透過網路模擬軟體來與實驗結果比較。本研究論文首先會探討點對點傳輸情況，了解無線傳輸情況，從而了解傳輸距離對傳輸延遲及封包回傳率之影響，再來更進一步的利用多點傳輸情況，對比於點對點傳輸情況討論出多點傳輸時間延遲與封包回傳率之影響，最後透過網路模擬器之方法確認路由演算法之正確性，再藉由與他人所開發之路由演算法比較並分析本研究之路由演算法之優劣。

關鍵字

智慧電網 ； Wi-Fi ； 網路模擬 ； 路由演算法

並列摘要

With the rapid industrial development in Taiwan, the loading of power systems gradually increases. Once power systems encounter blackouts or system failure, it will cause massive economic losses and inconvenience to the general public. The distribution and safety of power systems have become important issues for modern power grids. The loading of a transmission line may relate to the voltage, current, and environment parameters. These parameters can be monitored by an electric power monitoring system. Furthermore, such a monitoring system can combine with data analysis and cloud computing techniques to effectively increase the stability and reliable of electric power systems and reduce the damage and losses caused by the overloading of transmission lines. This monitoring system is also a part of smart grids. The monitoring data can assist power companies (e.g. Taiwan Power Company) in making transmission and distribution decisions to prevent large-scale blackout events. However, smart grid monitoring requires a stable and low latency transmission to relay the transmission line sensing data to a database for professional analysis. Smart grids have become very important infrastructure, and transmission line monitoring systems are urgent to be built. These monitoring systems can detect transmission line status, prevent blackouts, and increase the operating reserve on the transmission line. Furthermore, the monitoring data can also be used to forecast high electric power use rates in the future. Taiwan’s power grid has moved towards smart grids. This research proposes a data relay method, which can transmit transmission line monitoring data to a database via a wireless area network. Because the transmission lines in Taiwan generally have a long span and the network of the transmission lines is mostly chain-like, an appropriate routing algorithm is needed to increase the packet transmission rate. Such an algorithm should consider real-time data transmission, accuracy, and transmission power consumption. This research uses the distribution of extra high voltage (EHV) transmission lines in Taiwan to verify a routing algorithm developed for improving transmission efficiency. The EHV transmission towers are often built in rural areas where power sources are hard to acquire, so the power consumption of the monitoring devices should be taken into consideration. Meanwhile, the standard of smart grid communication should also be met. This research uses Wi-Fi transmission technology to implement a wireless area network on the power grid of Taiwan to transmit EHV transmission line monitoring data to a database. The proposed routing algorithm can improve the transmission performances, such as end to end delay, packet receiving rates and transmission power consumption. Using the algorithm, the relay of EHV transmission line monitoring data will be faster and more efficient. After implementing the routing algorithm, the data transmission is simulated by a network simulator under different transmission distances. Based on the simulation results, the proposed routing algorithm meets the transmission standard for a smart grid, so the routing algorithm would be a great help for Taiwan’s power grid.

並列關鍵字

Smart grid ； Wi-Fi ； Network simulator ； routing algorithm

參考文獻

張志新、王俞婷、傅鏸漩、林又青、張駿暉、劉哲欣、呂喬茵、吳啟瑞、蘇元風。2015。出自〝2015年蘇迪勒颱風災害調查彙整報告〞。32-33。新北市:國家災害防救科技中心。

彭素玲。1999。「921大地震對台灣經濟實質面影響之評估」。經濟前瞻。第66期。46-49。

唐政。2004。802.11無線網路通訊協定與應用。文魁資訊股份有限公司。

張嘉諳、藍柏荏、林彥均、羅亭竣、呂承鴻、劉人豪、陳斌魁。2014。智慧電網及推動再生能源面臨的挑戰。臺灣能源期刊。第2期。259-281。

Al-Ali, A. R., R. Gupta, and A. A. Nabulsi. 2018. Cyber physical systems role in manufacturing technologies. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 1957:050007.