日本自然主義評論研究――以天溪與抱月的「藝術與實行」論點為探討中心――

明治四零年代，日本自然主義之所以能夠成為代表日本近代文學之文學運動，鼓吹自然主義的評論家們堪居首功，此外，評論方面出現的衰退狀況也直接導致了此文學運動之退潮。本文就推動日本自然主義的評論進行考察，並以自然主義評論家之中最重要的兩人——長谷川天溪和島村抱月為中心進行探討。　　本文先從「私小說」與「前期自然主義」兩個文學史課題稍作探討，作為進行自然主義評論研究的基礎論述。第二章分析明治四零年代前後關於「批評」意義的種種發言，進而探討此文學運動的思想性質，並在本章的最後介紹以自然主義評論為題的過去研究成果。第三章則以評論家長谷川天溪與島村抱月為中心，先介紹兩人成為自然主義評論家以前的經歷及評論作品，進而探討島崎藤村之小說《破戒》出版對這兩人所帶來的影響。第四章則以「藝術與實行」為關鍵字進行論述，先檢討此問題發生之時間點，進而論證長谷川天溪與島村抱月內部思想的必然性，同時並介紹岩野泡鳴之論點。另一方面透過小說〈都會〉遭禁與「暴牙龜」事件來探討社會外部對此課題之影響。此外，一般認為由二葉亭四迷所提起的，「文藝堪為男子一生事業乎？」之懷疑亦為可能的研究角度，本文也稍作探討。論文最後，重述自然主義評論中「藝術與實行」問題的多重意義，以確認自然主義評論之特質，並嘗試評價日本自然主義評論之地位。

關鍵字

自然主義；長谷川天溪；島村抱月；藝術與實行；無理想無解決

並列摘要

This thesis aims to examine the criticisms of Japanese naturalism, which prompt the naturalistic movement in Japanese literature. During the 1910s, the Japanese naturalism becoming the first and large-scale literary movement in modern Japanese literary history, results from the unreserved and wholehearted support of the critics, which implies that with the depression of critical review, also comes the recession of the movement. In addition to the movement itself, two most important critics of naturalism, Hasegawa Tenkei and Shimamura Hougetsu, will be discussed in this thesis. First I begin with two perspectives, Self-Fiction and pre-naturalism, as the basis of following chapters concerning the criticism of naturalism. In chapter two, I analyze the discourse about “criticism” around 1910s and, the intellectual characteristics, rather than artistic ones, of this movement. A detailed review is provided, of previous research on criticism of naturalism .In chapter three, with the focus on the two critics, Hasegawa Tenkei and Shimamura Hougetsu, I introduce their experiences before they become advocates of naturalism, and discuss the influence on Tenkei and Hougetsu, exerted by the publication of Hakai, a fiction written by Shimazaki Touson. In chapter four, in the light of the keywords “Art and Action”, I examine the timing of this issue, and argue the inevitability of the internal logic of Tenkei and Hougetsu. I also present the view of Iwano Houmei, who holds opposite opinion against them. On the other hand, I attempt to scrutinize the external influence from society through following perspectives, the ban on the fiction “Tokai”, the “Debakame” event, and the suspicion of the phrase “Can Bungei (literature and art) be a lifetime career for a man to devote himself to?”, a phrase traditionally epitomized by Futabatei Shimei (though the claim is still in dispute.) In the final part of the thesis, I emphasize the multi-layered meaning of the question “art and action” in the Japanese naturalism criticism, and evaluate the significance of Japanese naturalism.