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  • 學位論文

薄孔菌屬之類緣分析及其藥理活性分析

Phylogeny and biological activity assay in Antrodia composite species

指導教授 : 曾顯雄

摘要


本研究將所收集所得之Antrodia屬14個種17株菌進行ITS1-5.8S-ITS2、18S rDNA之部分序列定序,並由NCBI GeneBank資料庫截取與Antrodia屬相關之另外8個屬15種共32個菌株,進行18S rDNA之部分序列進行類緣分析。此外,也由NICI GeneBank資料庫截取Antrodia及相關屬種共9屬23種47個菌株之28S rDNA之部分序列,共同進行親緣探討;並利用MEGA 3軟體配合neighbor-joining法建構類緣樹。應用18S或28S rDNA部分序列所建構之類緣樹顯示,Antrodia之屬所涵蓋之14個種,皆會形成一群(clade),因此無法支持需將A. cinnamomea及A. salmonea由Antroida屬分離,而單獨設為Taiwanofungus此一新屬之兩個新組合種(combination nova)之假設。但在結果中亦發現部分多孔菌科之菌種與Antrodia在類緣演化樹上之關係較為接近,因此Antrodia被設立於Meripilaceae科的分類地位上是否適確,似有進一步探討的必要。應用HPLC分析Antrodia菌種之甲醇粗萃物之圖譜顯示,似無法與rDNA推演所得之類緣演化樹有一演化之相關性,但在其retention time約28.5分鐘時,Antrodia菌種皆有一連續5-7個類似三萜類化合物波峰產生,此圖形似可作為辨識Antrodia之化學指標。以16種Antrodia之甲醇萃取物對人類肝癌細胞株Hep G2、人類肺癌細胞株A549與小鼠纖維母細胞株NIH-3T3進行其生理活性之檢測,結果顯示Antrodia屬中11種菌種對Hep G2有50%以上之生長抑制率,而有7種則對A549有高於50%以上之生長抑制率,但所有之測試之16種Antrodia則對NIH-3T3無明顯之抑制率。此外,在檢測Antrodia之菌種,顯示A. sinuosa對於兩癌細胞株之抑制作用與A. cinnamomea之抑制效果相似,但生長較A. cinnamomea迅速,培養7天後,每克乾菌絲即可萃取得甲醇粗抽物113.52 mg,故似具研發應用潛能。而牛樟芝抗發炎反應之研究中,牛樟芝乙酸乙酯層對於經LPS誘導(lipopolysaccharide)小鼠巨噬細胞株(RAW 264.7)所產生之NO(nitric oxide),在50 μg/ml劑量時,仍具有60%以上對NO的明顯抑制作用。更進一步對A. cinnamomea菌種進行生理活性檢測,顯示其乙酸乙酯層之抑制癌細胞株效果比甲醇抽提層更佳。故未來應針對乙酸乙酯層單一活性成分進行分離、純化,並鑑定其有效生理活性成分之化合物種類及界定其特性。

並列摘要


o define the phylogenetic relationship of Antrodia and allied genera, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA or partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequences, which were either generated by our laboratory or retrieved from NCBI GeneBank database, were analyzed by MEGA 3 in combination with neighbor-joining algorithium. The constructed phylogenetic trees by 18S or 28S rDNA sequences showed that all the 14 Antrodia species were clustered in a monophyletic clade. The results did not endorse the recombination of A. cinnamonmea and A. salmonea to a newly erected Taiwanofungus genus. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated a more close relationship of Antrodia to Polyporaceae rather than Meripilaceae. Evidence also revealed that the HPLC chromatogram of mycelia methanol extract from Antrodia did not congruent with rDNA phylogenetic clade, though some of the unique peaks in the chromatograms may possibly serve as the markers of the 14 Antrodia species. Of the 16 Antrodia species tested, the methanolic extract of 11 species exhibited more than 50% suppression activity toward Hep G2, while 7 species showed more than 50% suppress effect toward A549. Nevertheless, all the Antrodia strains tested none of them exhibited marked suppression effect towarded the normal cell line NIH-3T3. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction from A. cinnamomea mycelia also suppress the inflammatory response of mouse macrophage cell line(Raw 264.7) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) at dosage of 500 ng/ml. In general, A. cinnamomea the mycelia ethyl acetate fractions were more potent than methanol fraction on their cancer cell suppress activity. Consequently, the active constituents in these fractions deserve to further purification and characterization.

參考文獻


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