表音覺識:中文讀者對中文字構形規則的知識與發展

Phonetic Awareness: The Knowledge of a Chinese Reader Concerning How Chinese Orthography Represents Phonology

蔡方之(Fang-Zhi Tsai)

指導教授 ： 胡志偉

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01729

摘要

過去研究的結果顯示，一個精熟中文的讀者瞭解，中文字的構字部件能提供中文字的讀音線索，而且會使用這些線索來猜測生字的讀音。Shu、Anderson及Wu（2000）將這樣的知識、能力稱為表音覺識。然而大多數的中文字是由多個部件組成，而字的本身並無直接線索顯示哪個部件是提供讀音線索的聲旁，但Shu等人或是其他從事中文閱讀研究的學者皆未說明或探討「中文讀者如何判斷哪個部件是聲旁」。因此，本研究除了將深入探討表音覺識假說外，並徵引統計分佈學習的觀點來探討中文讀者對中文字構字規則的瞭解。為了瞭解中文讀者學習中文字的經驗，在實驗一中研究者以新聞語料與國小國語課本中所使用的中文字為對象，分析這些字的「部件組成」與「部件與讀音間的關係」。分析結果顯示，在新聞語料庫中的中文字，聲旁出現在右邊的比率是出現在左邊的七倍；在國小國語課本中，聲旁出現在右邊的比率隨著年級漸漸增加，且皆比聲旁出現在左邊的比率高。本研究的實驗二則收集中文讀者對中文字與假字的猜音反應。結果顯示，當聲旁出現在文字的右邊時，參與者傾向以此部件的讀音猜測文字的讀音，且此傾向隨著年齡漸增。當刺激字的左部件為聲旁時，參與者以左部件和右部件推測讀音的比率相似。本研究的結果支持研究者的看法；亦即，在中文讀者對中文字的構字規則瞭解中，除了能反映中文字部件與讀音對應關係的分佈訊息外，也瞭解中文字的聲旁較常出現在文字的右側。

關鍵字

閱讀能力的發展 ； 後設語言覺識 ； 表音覺識 ； 統計分佈學習

並列摘要

Many researches confirmed that Chinese readers know Chinese orthography-phonology correspondences. Shu, Anderson and Wu (2000) called this kind of knowledge phonetic awareness. However, they didn’t discuss about how a Chinese reader decides which component is the phonetic. Therefore, the present study tries to investigate Chinese readers’ knowledge of how Chinese orthography represents phonology from the perspective of statistical learning. In Experiment 1, we found that the phonetic appears in the right position more than the left position in all the corpuses we used. It was also revealed that the probabilities of the phonetic in the right position increased across the different volumes of Chinese text books. In Experiment 2, we found that Chinese readers used right components to guess the pronunciations of pseudo-characters whose right components were the phonetics, and the tendency was more apparent as the age and vocabulary size of the readers increased. On the other hand, they showed no tendency to refer to the left or right component when the phonetic was in the left position. We concluded that Chinese readers know not only the Chinese OPC rules, but also know that the phonetics often appear in the right position of a character.

並列關鍵字

development of reading ability ； metalinguistic awareness ； phonetic awareness ； statistical learning

參考文獻

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