透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.140.186.201
  • 學位論文

霍布斯邦論民族主義

E. J. Hobsbwam on Nationalism

指導教授 : 楊肅獻

摘要


中文摘要: 本論文所討論的是霍布斯邦(Eric Hobsbawm, 1917-)對於民族主義的看法。身為著名歷史學者的他,沒有對民族主義做出一個理論性的解釋,但其「發明傳統」的引介與「歐洲中心論」的立場,令其論述頗具爭議與價值。再加上,其現實上的經歷、猶太身份以及對馬克思主義的支持,「民族主義」亦成為其學術研究中不可逃避的主題。儘管他對民族主義未來的預測失準,不過透過他的批判及其來自個人身份的關注,其對民族主義的論述對理解民族主義的負面性格有相當大的助益。 本論文的第一章提供論者本身的研究動機與問題意識。接著,透過點出「猶太認同」的時代背景與「民族主義」研究的反省,來提供霍布斯邦研究「民族主義」的外在脈絡,且藉由回顧相同領域內學者們對其「民族主義」研究的批判,點出霍布斯邦民族主義研究所具有的「普遍性」、「爭議性」與「獨特性」。最後,透過定義「民族」相關的詞彙與介紹中文翻譯的歧異性,來指出民族主義研究的複雜性與本論文的侷限性。 第二章是集中討論霍布斯邦的生活環境與個體身份。以「猶太身份」、共產黨的「政治認同」與其志業—「歷史學家」三方面為切入點。檢視其民族主義研究的內在邏輯與批判論述的來源。個人生活歷程、對於歷史的重視與使用,以及非教條式使用馬克思所提供的社會「結構」,成為第三、四兩章分析與批判民族主義的來源。 第三章是透過演示霍布斯邦對於民族主義與傳統發明的研究,來介紹其研究中的獨特性。首先,明確指出霍布斯邦研究民族主義的基本立場。第二,呈現霍布斯邦對「民族創建」的論斷。他認為新生的「民族」透過法國大革命而獲得了「解放」的正面意義。其後所衍生的意識型態、民族原則與政治工具,成為其穩固的正當性來源。最後,透過檢視1870-1914年新發明傳統的歐洲個案研究,嘗試闡明霍布斯邦對民族與傳統發明互動關係的注重。 第四章則是著重在霍布斯邦對各類型民族主義的批判。首先,他指出「族群」、「語言」、「宗教」與「政治認同」區分的困難度,帶出對「普遍的初萌民族主義」的質疑。然後,透過檢驗不同時空之中所產生的兩種「負面」民族主義類型:文化與族群民族主義,霍布斯邦嘗試回答這個問題:一次大戰後,「民族主義」是如何從解放的力量變成壓迫的力量。最終,霍布斯邦透過批判「新民族主義」與「猶太復國主義」,證明「民族主義」已經成為造成世界混亂的主要力量。 第五章則是回歸到霍布斯邦「馬克思主義史學家」的身份上。透過不斷批判民族主義對歷史的濫用,以及回應「馬克思主義者不可能是民族主義者」的問題,霍布斯邦重新確定了自己對於馬克思主義的信仰與對自己猶太認同的疑慮。解決「民族主義」這個問題,對其猶太身份、政治認同與史學志業都具有極大的意義。 中文關鍵字:霍布斯邦、民族主義、發明傳統、民族、猶太身份

並列摘要


Abstract: This topic of essay is “Hobsbawm on nationalism”. As an famous historian, he didn’t provide an explicit and theoretical interpretation of nation and nationalism. But due to that he successfully use the ideas of ‘invented traditions’ and his controversial ‘Eurocentric standpoint’, many scholars until now still debates on his viewpoint of nationalism. In addition, the experiences of Hobsbawm’s 20th century life, Jewish identity, and the obstinate belief in Marxism all make the topic of ‘nationalism’ inescapable in his studies of history. Although he was failure in predict the future of nationalism, Hobsbawm disclosed the negative, dark side of nationalism and ambiguity of ‘nation’. His ‘nations and nationalism since 1780’ is still a classic from the camp of ‘modernism’ on nationalism. The first Chapter provides the motives and questions of writer. We can understand why and how Hobsbawm research nationalism by discussing the context of ‘Jewish identity’ and the criticisms and reviews of his past research. The second Chapter discusses Hobsbawm’s background and personal identity. It focuses on ‘Jewish identity’, political identity of communist party, and all his life career- historian. This chapter became the context of the following chapters, we can’t understand his criticisms of nationalism until we know the importance of his devotion to history and Marxism. The third Chapter focuses on the close relation between ‘invention of tradition’ and ‘nationalism’. Hobsbawm started his discourses from using the studies and conception of Gellner and Horch on nationalism. By connecting the concepts and the historical realities of ‘nation building’, ‘nation principle’ and ‘mass-producing traditions in Europe’, Hobsbawm points out the making process and instruments of nationalism. The fourth Chapter emphasizes on Hobsbawm’s criticisms on different types of nationalism. He presented the difficulties of ‘ethnicity’, ‘language’, ‘religious’ and ‘political identity’ as the standards of national member by questioning the ambiguities of ‘popular proto nationalism’. He proved that the most demonic force in the world is ‘nationalism’ by criticizing the shortcomings of ‘cultural nationalism’, ‘ethnic nationalism’, ‘new nationalism’ and ‘Zionism’. The fifth Chapter returned to the identity of ‘Marxism historian’. By answering the question of the abuses of history from nationalists and ‘Marxist can’t be a nationalist’, Hobsbawm reconfirmed his belief in Marxism and the rejection of ‘Jewish identity’. Regardless of other scholars’ criticisms, studying nationalism for Hobsbawm himself is meaningful. Key words: Eric Hobsbawm, nationalism, invention of tradition, nation, Jewish identity

參考文獻


Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
楊子政,〈英國共產黨歷史家小組及其「思想的戰役」〉,《成大西洋史集刊》,第13期。台南:成功大學歷史學系,民94,頁123-164。
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of Nationalism, London: Verso, 1991.
Anderson, Benedict. The Spectre of Comparisons: nationalism, South Asia, and the world. London, New York: Verso, 1998.
Anderson, Benedict. Under three flags: anarchism and the anti-colonial imagination. London, New York: Verso, 2005.

延伸閱讀


國際替代計量