利用固定厭氧生物技術降解污水中醣類

Anaerobic Entrapped Microbial Cell for Treatment of Carbohydrates in Wastewater

洪鈞偉(Chun-Wei, HUNG)

指導教授 ： 林正芳

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201901814

摘要

厭氧生物處理程序可減少消耗的能源並具有產甲烷作為生質氣體之效果，本研究以固定厭氧生物反應模組進行，生物固定化技術應用於厭氧處理程序能大幅提高微生物濃度與污泥停留時間，克服厭氧生物處理程序應用於低強度都市污水處理上的限制。
本研究以分別於不同的水力停留時間(Hydraulic Retention Time, HRT)及35℃、25℃及15℃處理醣類合成進流水，測試系統反應之成效，以了解醣類進流水在HRT及3種溫度變化下的除碳效率，並推估其反應速率常數。
檢測結果顯示系統對醣類進流水亦有良好的除碳產氣效率，即便HRT降至1小時，整體總化學需氧量(TCOD)去除率仍能維持於78.6%以上，氣相甲烷回收率亦能維持於72.2%以上。顯見HRT於 1小時之狀況下，醣類進流水仍能於厭氧固定生物系統有穩定且良好的處理效率；溫度對整體厭氧固定生物系統有很大的影響，15℃之氣相甲烷回收率為61.7%及TCOD去除率為76.9%；於35℃之氣相甲烷回收率則可達到79.1%，TCOD去除率可達89.6%。
由反應速率之分析顯示HRT為1小時所測得之視反應常數最快，表示其反應效率最高，顯示醣類進流水於1小時內，其大致以將整個醣類轉化為甲烷之反應完成，而整體溫度改變對反應效率的影響亦大， 15℃之反應效率為13128 day-1，而35℃可升高為33984 day-1。
整體而言，厭氧固定生物反應系統對於醣類之處理能效良好，即便於低HRT(1小時)及較低溫(15℃)之狀況下，仍能有良好處理成效，且醣類轉化於甲烷之過程多於1小時內，即大致反應完成。未來能著重於蛋白質及脂質之研究，以能有效應用並瞭解都市之厭氧處理程序中其基質成分組成與反應之關係，進一步找出在厭氧反應中水解酸化程序上其反應速率及限制，從而回饋到實際都市污水處理之應用。

關鍵字

厭氧生物處理 ； 固定生物 ； 醣類 ； 水力停留時間

並列摘要

Anaerobic biological treatment processes (ABTPs) can produce methane as biogas during wastewater treatment. This study employed an immobilization biotechnology of entrapped mixed microbial cell (EMMC) to ABTPs. The immobilization biotechnology was used to enhance biomass concentration, highly increase sludge retention time, and shorten hydraulic retention time which overcome the restraints of ABTPs when treating low-strength domestic wastewater.
The research was disscussed on the treatment effect by different hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 3 type of temperature:35℃、25℃ and 15℃ in carbohydrate wastewater. That were used to evaluate the effect of each parameter on carbon removal and methane production of the system in carbohydrate wastewater.
The test results showed that even when HRT was 1 hour, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) was higher then 78.6% and methane recovery efficiency was higher than 72.2%. That shows the stability of the anaerobic biological treatment processes system and good efficiency. The temperature change will influence the overall system. The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and methane recovery efficiency at 35 ℃ reduced by about 20% compared with 15 ℃.
The analysis of the reaction rate showed that the reaction constant and the reaction rate when HRT was 1 hour were the fastest, that mean the reaction efficiency was the highest. That is carbohydrate wastewater was roughly completedy converting into methane within 1 hour. The temperature changes will also had great influence on the reaction efficiency, and the reaction efficiency by 15℃ was only about half of 35℃.
In conclusion, the performance of anaerobic immobilization bioreactor system has good efficiency of carbohydrate wastewater even at low HRT and low temperature (15 °C). Carbohydrate wastewater was roughly completedy converting into methane within 1 hour. The research of proteins and lipids should be focused on the future, that can analysis the relationship between composition and reaction rate in the anaerobic treatment process of the domestic wastewater. It could help to find the rate limiting step in the anaerobic treatment process, then it could feed back to the domestic wastewater treatment application.

並列關鍵字

Anaerobic biological treatment ； Immobilization microorganism ； Carbohydrate ； Hydraulic retention time

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