氮肥種類與用量對雷公根生長及生理營養的影響

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers and Application Rates on the Growth and Physiological-nutrition of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

吳宜真(Wu I-Chen)

指導教授 ： 鍾仁賜

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業化學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01497

摘要

摘要
合成藥劑在今日的醫學上有其方便性與重要性，但是釵h由植物代謝或微生物合成的天然化合物在醫藥的價值上仍有其貢獻，因此，天然藥用植物的利用研究正日受重視，傳統醫藥的價值與重要性也再度引起世人的普遍注意。因此，在藥用植物需求量大的情況下，栽培也成為獲得這些材料及控制品質的重要方式。
本研究利用盆栽試驗，探討氮肥種類及用量對雷公根生長及生理營養
的影響。地點位於本校農場，採完全逢機設計，處理分為對照組(代號CK)、化學肥料處理氮量分別為每平方公尺施用3 g、6 g和9 g氮 (代號分別為Chem1、Chem2、Chem3)，磷肥和鉀肥之用量均相同，每平方公尺分別施用磷和鉀分別為3 g和4.5 g與有機肥料處理施用6 g 氮 (代號為Org) ，每處理四重複。植體種植五個半月，期間共採收三次 (處理後50、120與170天，代號分別為1、2與3)。植體分地上部與根部，測定總氮、銨態氮、硝酸態氮、不溶性氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、錳、銅、鋅、可溶性醣、多醣、積雪草酸苷及積雪草酸濃度；土壤則分析土壤pH 值、飽和水抽出液的比導電度、有機質、總氮、銨態氮、硝酸態氮、Bray-1 磷、Mehlich Ⅲ萃取之鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、錳、銅及鋅。
結果顯示，在土壤方面，與植物種植前比，最後一次採收後，土壤EC值、硝酸態氮與銨態氮由於降雨淋洗及作物吸收顯著減少。另外，土壤Mehlich Ⅲ可萃取性鉀、鈣、鎂與錳濃度因生長期間被植物吸收而顯著下降；而土壤Mehlich Ⅲ可萃取性鐵、銅與鋅濃度則與處理前比無顯著差異。在植體方面，不同採收次數間，以第一次採收時的Chem3與Chem1處理有較高的生質產量與較大的氮吸收量，但總氮濃度以第二與第三次採收較高，可能因雷公根生長差，生質量低，使植體內氮濃度因累積作用而達於高濃度。三次採收各處理植體之硝酸態氮濃度低而銨態氮濃度相對較高，顯示雷公根不累積硝酸態氮。醣類濃度隨著氮肥施用量增加而減少，顯示多量的氮肥促進營養生長，同化吸收的氮而消耗光合作用所固定的碳。另外，第一次採收時不同處理間以CK處理有最高濃度的積雪草酸苷，而積雪草酸則在第二次採收時的Chem1處理有最高濃度，但各處理間在統計上無顯著差異，顯示其二次代謝物的生成與濃度受到雷公根產量與氣候因子影響大。磷與鉀吸收量隨著化學肥料施用量增加而漸增。雷公根體內鈣與鎂元素皆以Chem3處理有最大吸收量但不同處理間在統計上無顯著差異。鐵、錳、銅與鋅等微量元素僅第一次採收之各處理間有差異。

關鍵字

氮肥施用 ； 養分吸收 ； 積雪草酸 ； 雷公根 ； 積雪草酸苷

並列摘要

Abstract
It is convenient and important for using synthetic drugs in medical science today, however, there is still an increasing demand for natural products which come from plants or microorganism. Because of increment of quantity demanded, cultivation becomes an important way to obtain and control the quality of the medical plants. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different kinds and rates and nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and physiological-nutrition of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban in pot culture.
The experiment was conducted in the experiment farm of National Taiwan University. All treatments were arranged in a randomized complete design. There were five treatments, which were: 1. check (CK); 2. chemical nitrogen fertilizer of rate I (3 g N m -2, Chem1); 3. chemical nitrogen fertilizer of rate II (6 g N m -2, Chem2); 4. chemical nitrogen fertilizer of rate III (9 g N m -2, Chem3); 5. organic fertilizer (6 g N m -2, Org). The same amounts of phosphorous (3 g P m -2) and potassium (4.5 g K m-2) as potassium dihydrogenphosphate and potassium chloride, respectively, were applied to Chem1, Chem2 and Chem3 treatments. All treatments were replicated four times. The plants grew for five months and a half. During the growth period, the plants were harvested three times. The plants were separated into root and shoot. The concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, soluble sugar, polysaccharide, asiaticoside and asiatic acid were analyzed. The pH, electrical conductivity of saturation extract, and the concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, Bray-1 P, orgaic matter, Mehlich III extractable potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc of soil after harvesting of plants were also determined.
The results indicated that the EC, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, extractable potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese were lower than those before planting decreased due to leaching by rainfall and being absorbed by plants. The yield of plants and the uptake of nitrogen by plant of Chem1 and Chem3 treatments of the first harvest were the highest among different harvesting time. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen in all treatments was lowm and than that of ammonium nitrogen. This indicated that C. asiatica did not accumulate nitrate nitrogen to a high concentration. The concentrations of soluable sugar and polysaccharide decreased with the increase of application rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Furthermore, the concentration of asiaticoside in plant of CK treatment of the first harvest was highest among all treatments. The highest concentration of asiatic acid was Chem1 treatment of the second harvest. It indicated that the concentration of secondary metabolite in C. asiatica was affected by yield of the plant and climatic conditions. The concentrations of phosphorus and potassium of plant increased with the increase of application rate of nitrogen fertilizer. The concentrations of calium and magnaese in plants of Chem3 treatment were highest. There were no significances in the concentrations of iron, magnesium, copper and zinc in plants among different treatments except the first harvest.

並列關鍵字

Asiatic acid ； Nutrient uptake ； Nitrogen fertilization ； Asiaticoside ； C. asiatica (L.) Urban

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