專權與威嚴領導的效果：心理賦能的中介與仁慈領導的調節

People-Related and Task-Related Authoritarian Leadership: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Empowerment and the Moderating Effect of Benevolent Leadership

周婉茹(Wan-Ju Chou)

指導教授 ： 鄭伯壎

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.02656

摘要

威權領導是華人企業組織中鮮明的領導風格。歷經了時代的變遷，此種被西方學者視為戕害部屬效能的領導行為，卻仍然普遍出現在當代華人企業組織中。本研究深入探究法家「勢法術」的思維後，認為威權領導的內涵包含了控制人的「專權」成分與控制事的「威嚴」成分。接著，藉由部屬心理賦能的探討，釐清專權與威嚴領導對部屬內在動機產生之不同的影響機制，進而瞭解威權領導如何透過心理賦能的中介來預測態度效能。最後，檢驗專權、威嚴領導與仁慈領導在心理賦能上的交互作用，澄清「恩威並濟」的真實面貌。以36家台灣企業進行研究，分析788筆有效樣本後發現，專權與威嚴領導不僅具有構念的區分性，各自的影響效果亦不同。研究結果顯示：專權領導對心理賦能的意義、自我決定、影響力，以及態度效能具有負向效果；而威嚴領導對心理賦能的意義、能力、影響力，以及態度效能具有正向效果。再則，專權、威嚴領導與部屬態度效能間的關係，會受到意義與影響力的中介。此外，根據本研究結果，恩威並濟的效果，主要發生在威嚴與仁慈的互動上，並顯見於意義、自我決定及影響力。最後，本文針對研究結果進行討論，並對研究限制、未來研究方向、理論貢獻及管理實務意涵加以闡述。

關鍵字

威權領導 ； 專權領導 ； 威嚴領導 ； 仁慈領導 ； 心理賦能 ； 控制

並列摘要

Authoritarian leaderhip is a vivid leadership style in Chinese organizations. With the passage of time, this leadership style is still prevailing in contemporary Chinese organizations, even though Western researchers regard it as a leadership behavior that may undermine subordinate effectiveness. Exploring Fajia’s ideology of “Shih, Fa, Shu”, the concept of authoritarian leadership includes people-related control and task-related control components. The purpose of this study is to clarify different influence mechanism of people-related and task-related authoritarian leadership on subordinates’ intrinsic motivation through psychological empowerment, so as to understand the relations between authoritarian leadership and subordinates’ attitude effectiveness. Finally, in order to demonstrate the specific effect of “benevolent authoritarianism”, this study also explores the interaction effect between people- related authoritarian leadership, task-related authoritarian leadership and benevolent leadership on psychological empowerment. After conducting a survey research of 788 valid samples form 36 Chinese businesses in Taiwan, this study find the people- related and task-related authoritarian leaderships have significant distinctive constructs and different effects on outcome variables. Next, meaning and impact mediating the relation between people-related, task-related authoritarian leadership and subordinates’ attitude effectiveness. Besides, the results show that people-related authoritarian leadership has negative effect on psychological empowerment dimensions of meaning, self-determination, and impact, as well as attitude effectiveness. Task-related authoritarian leadership has positive effect on psychological empowerment dimensions of meaning, competence, and impact, as well as attitude effectiveness. Furthermore, the interaction effect between authoritarianism and benevolent primary occurs on task-related authoritarian leadership and benevolent leadership interaction, and shows on meaning, self-determination and impact. The discussion, limitations, further research directions, theoretical and managerial applications are discussed at the end.

並列關鍵字

authoritarianism ； people-related authoritarian leadership ； task-related authoritarian leadership ； benevolent leadership ； psychological empowerment ； control

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