活性污泥處理巨環類抗生素之宿命與去除機制研究

民生保健用品已經與我們每天的日常生活息息相關，到了不可分離的地步了，也因為大量的過度仰賴這些民生保健用品，很多先進的國家如:台灣、加拿大、美國、瑞士、日本等國家都在自然環境水體中偵測到微量的人造化合物，其中又以抗生素最為嚴重。目前國外諸多研究指出污水處理廠處理流程無法完全去除水中抗生素，廣泛存在都市污水處理廠與自然水體，經由生物累積及生物放大效應，其對生物體系及世代具潛在之危害與影響，對環境生物世代影響既深且遠。由於都市污水處理方法仍以生物處理為主，傳統都市污水處理廠之活性污泥生物處理程序對有機污染物之移除及降解扮演著重要角色，本研究著重於活性污泥於巨環類抗生素（Macrolide Antibiotics）的處理機制作探討，運用超音波溶劑萃取技術、固相萃取及高效能液相層析串聯質譜分析，推導反應速率參數求得抗生素的應動力方程式。實驗結果顯示抗生素在和活性污泥接觸30天中後還是會有~23%的殘留，其中生物吸附為主要處理機制在前兩天，直到約４８小時候，生物降解才逐漸產生對於巨環類抗生素（Roxithromycin）處理效果，四天後才達到吸附平衡其吸附量可高達31.5%，擬一階反應動力得到較好的回歸性，其半衰期為15.4 天。

關鍵字

巨環類抗生素；生物吸附；生物降解；活性污泥

並列摘要

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have become inseparable in our daily life. Worldwide extensive consumption have undoubtedly led to overwhelming spread of “emerging contaminants”, which were previously unknown and currently unregulated chemical compounds that could cause adverse health effects to not only the aquatic organisms but also to humans. Among this large group of emerging contaminants, antibiotics represent a significant portion of concern because of their potential impact on the spread and maintenance of antimicrobial resistance. Significant amounts of ingested antibiotics are excreted un-metabolized and they enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) through sewage system. Unfortunately, most of the currently available wastewater treatment processes, i.e. coarse screening, activated sludge treatment and settling tank do not provide adequate removal of pharmaceuticals which allows continual discharge of antibiotics into natural environment and eventually into our drinking water sources. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate in detail the removal mechanisms of macrolide antibiotics (Roxithromycin, ROX) in contact with activated sludge process. More specifically, relative contribution of biosorption and biodegradation for the removal of ROX over time are experimented. In addition, ultrasonic assisted sludge extraction for Erythromycin-H2O (ERY-H2O) is also experimented and examined with previously published research journals. The results obtained in this research illustrates: 1.) biosorption is the predominant removal mechanisms for roxithromycin during the first two days of activated sludge treatment for up to 25% removal efficiency and only until approximately 48 hours later did biodegradation starting to take place. 2.) even after 30 days of activated sludge treatment, a little more than 20% of roxithromycin still remains in the reactor waiting to be biodegraded. 3.) pseudo-first-order model suggests a reaction rate of 0.0456 μg/L.d with half-life of 15.4 days. 4.) ERY-H2O appeared to be extremely persistent once adsorbed on the sludge, alternative extraction technique such as pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) should be considered if fate of ERY-H2O is to be investigated in detail.

並列關鍵字

macrolide antibiotics ； biosorption ； biodegradation ； activated sludge

參考文獻

Aherne, G.W., Hardcastle, A. and Nield, A.H. (1990) Cytotoxic drugs and the aquatic environment: estimation of bleomycin in river and water samples. J Pharm Pharmacol 42(10), 741-742.

Birkett, J.W. and Lester, J.N. (2003) Endocrine disrupters in wastewater and sludge treatment processes, Lewis Pub., Boca Raton.

Blackwell, P.A., Holten Lutzhoft, H.C., Ma, H.P., Halling-Sorensen, B., Boxall, A.B. and Kay, P. (2004) Ultrasonic extraction of veterinary antibiotics from soils and pig slurry with SPE clean-up and LC-UV and fluorescence detection. Talanta 64(4), 1058-1064.

Calamari, D., Zuccato, E., Castiglioni, S., Bagnati, R. and Fanelli, R. (2003) Strategic survey of therapeutic drugs in the rivers Po and Lambro in northern Italy. Environmental Science & Technology 37(7), 1241-1248.

Carballa, M., Omil, F., Lema, J.M., Llompart, M., Garcia-Jares, C., Rodriguez, I., Gomez, M. and Ternes, T. (2004) Behavior of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant. Water Res 38(12), 2918-2926.

國際替代計量

活性污泥處理巨環類抗生素之宿命與去除機制研究

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