LoRa無綫監測系統應用於施工架之研究

Research on LoRa wireless monitoring system applied to scaffolding

吳倫旺(Lun-Wang Wu)

指導教授 ： 曾惠斌

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202102696

摘要

施工架作為營造業最廣泛使用臨時性支撐結構，經常在不同的營建階段進行搭設拆除，而施工架的組搭雖然有規範，但因其使用的即時性，且本質上並非主體結構，常憑藉著工人的經驗對其搭拆，加上部分業者為降低成本，製造的鋼管不符合標準設計的承載力，使得施工架的品質安全管理不易，進而導致安全問題突出，事故頻發。因此如何即時高效監測施工架安全問題成為研究熱點。前人已經開發出數種應用於施工架無線監測的感測器與警報系統，皆能在現場發揮其作用，達到遠端監測之效果。
而本研究將承續前人之研究方向，並針對其原有設備無法多節點組網傳輸、功耗過大和設備固定安裝等研究限制，開發了一套以LoRa技術和LoRaWAN協議組成的施工架無線監測系統，完成資料的發送端與接收端的軟硬體開發，較好地解決了原設備之限制。系統包括了感知層、傳輸層、管理層、監視層。感知層選用九軸姿態感測器和低功耗開發板，完成對資料獲取和控制。傳輸層主要利用擁有SX1308晶片的多通道網關收集多節點傳來的資料，並將其通過WiFi或乙太網發送至管理層網路服務器The Thing Network，管理層對上報的施工架監測資料進行解析，分類處理，並通過視覺化監測平臺ThingSpeak將資料轉換成圖表形式，實現對施工架的遠端無線監測之目的。
最後對系統各功能模組進行了多節點組網測試、通訊距離測試、模組功耗測試與估算、施工架現場固定安裝測試。測試結果表明，本研究的LoRa無線監測系統運用在施工架上具有可行性，且相較於前人之研究，在功耗、多節點組網傳輸、距離等方面有顯著的改善。

關鍵字

施工架監測 ； 無綫監測 ； LoRa ； LoRaWAN協定 ； 網關

並列摘要

As the most widely used temporary supporting structure in the construction industry, the construction frame is often erected and dismantled in different construction stages. Although the construction frame is standardized, it is often erected and dismantled by virtue of workers' experience because of its real-time use and its essence is not the main structure. In addition, to reduce costs, the steel pipes manufactured by some operators do not meet the bearing capacity of standard design, which makes the quality and safety management of the construction frame difficult, causing prominent safety problems and frequent accidents. Therefore, how to monitor the safety of construction frame in real time and efficiently has become a research hotspot. Several kinds of sensors and alarm systems used in wireless monitoring of construction frame have been developed in previous years of this study, all of which can play their role in the field and achieve the effect of remote monitoring.
However, this research case will continue the previous research direction, and in view of the research limitations of its original equipment, such as the inability of multi-node network transmission, excessive power consumption and fixed installation of equipment, a set of wireless monitoring system of construction frame composed of LoRa technology and LoRaWAN protocol has been developed, and the software and hardware development of data sender and receiver has been completed, which has solved the limitations of the original equipment well. The system includes sensing layer, transport layer, management layer and monitoring layer. In the sensing layer, nine-axis attitude sensor and low-power development board are selected to complete data acquisition and control. The transport layer mainly uses the multi-channel gateway with SX1308 chip to collect the data from multiple nodes, and sends it to the management layer network server The Thing Network through WiFi or Ethernet. The management layer analyzes and classifies the reported monitoring data of the construction frame, and converts the data into a chart form through the visual monitoring platform ThingSpeak, thus realizing the purpose of remote wireless monitoring of the construction frame.
Finally, the multi-node networking test, communication distance test, module power consumption test and estimation, and field fixed installation test of construction frame are carried out for each functional module of the system. The test results show that the LoRa wireless monitoring system in this study is feasible to use on the construction frame, and compared with previous studies, it has significantly improved in power consumption, multi-node network transmission, distance and so on.

並列關鍵字

Construction frame monitoring ； Wireless monitoring ； LoRa ； LoRaWAN protocol ； Gateway

參考文獻

1. Aref, M., Sikora, A. (2014). Free space range measurements with Semtech LoRa™ technology. Paper presented at the 2014 2nd International Symposium on Wireless Systems within the Conferences on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems.

2. Augustin, A., Yi, J., Clausen, T., Townsley, W. M. (2016). A study of LoRa: Long range low power networks for the internet of things. Sensors, 16(9), 1466.

3. Castillo-Effer, M., Quintela, D. H., Moreno, W., Jordan, R., Westhoff, W. (2004). Wireless sensor networks for flash-flood alerting. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Caracas Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems, 2004.

4. Cuomo, F., Campo, M., Caponi, A., Bianchi, G., Rossini, G., Pisani, P. (2017). EXPLoRa: Extending the performance of LoRa by suitable spreading factor allocations. Paper presented at the 2017 IEEE 13th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob).

5. Fakharian, A., Gustafsson, T., Mehrfam, M. (2011). Adaptive Kalman filtering based navigation: An IMU/GPS integration approach. Paper presented at the 2011 International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control.