- 學位論文
大台北地區自來水系統清水及水源中含鈦奈米微粒調查
Investigation of Ti-containing Nanoparticles in Finished Water and the Water Sources of the Drinking Water System in the Greater Taipei Area
摘要
奈米科技迅速發展，人工奈米物質在生活中的應用日益增加，這些奈米物質可能隨著人類活動釋放到環境，成為環境中的新興污染物。當奈米微粒進入飲用水水源，人們便可能通過飲用水攝入人工奈米微粒，進一步可能造成氧化壓力、發炎反應以及細胞凋亡等健康方面不良影響。 本研究對大台北地區主要河川水源與飲用水系統中含奈米微粒分佈進行調查，包含淡水河流域基隆河、新店溪與大漢溪等三大支流河川水源，以及大台北地區五座負責主要供水的淨水場飲用水系統樣本。使用單粒子感應耦合電漿質譜儀(single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry)分析樣本當中含鈦奈米微粒質量濃度(ng/mL)、數目濃度(×10^3 part./mL)與粒徑分佈(nm)。 分析結果顯示含鈦微粒濃度在河川中呈現出各河川之間的區域性差異及明顯的季節性變化趨勢，推測受區域的地質以及土地利用影響。質量濃度的整體範圍在基隆河、新店溪、大漢溪分別為 1.14–11.5 ng/mL、0.05–1.92 ng/mL 和 0.72–12.2 ng/mL。數目濃度的整體範圍在基隆河、新店溪、大漢溪分別為 170–4,109 ×10^3 part./mL 、5.32–417 ×10^3 part./mL 和 108–4,162 ×10^3 part./mL。含鈦微粒以100 nm以下的奈米級微粒為多數，最常見粒徑在基隆河的範圍為36–42 nm、在新店溪為38–66 nm以及在大漢溪為38–76 nm。 此外，傳統淨水處理移除含鈦微粒的效率約在83% 到 99% 之間，最終清水中存在的含鈦微粒的質量濃度、數目濃度與粒徑範圍依序為0.01–0.40 ng/mL、0.41–260 ×10^3 part./mL以及42–52 nm。
並列摘要
The application of engineered nanomaterials in daily life is increasing. These nanomaterials may be released into the environment with human activities and become emerging pollutants in the environment. When nanoparticles enter drinking water sources, people may ingest engineered nanoparticles through drinking water, which may further cause adverse health effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This study investigated the distribution of Ti-containing nanoparticles in major river water sources and drinking water systems in the Greater Taipei area, including the Keelung River, Xindian River, and Dahan River, as well as samples of drinking water systems in the five major water treatment plants in the Greater Taipei Area. Single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the mass concentration (ng/mL), particle concentration (×10^3 part./mL), and particle size distribution of Ti-containing nanoparticles in the sample (nm). The analysis results show that the concentration of Ti-containing particles in rivers presents regional differences and obvious seasonal changes, which may be the result of the influence of regional geology and land use. The mass concentration ranges of Ti-containing particles in the Keelung River, Xindian River and Dahan River were 1.14–11.5 ng/mL, 0.05–1.92 ng/mL and 0.72–12.2 ng/mL, respectively. For the number concentration, the overall ranges in the Keelung River, Xindian River and Dahan River were 170–4,109 ×10^3 parts/ml, 5.32–417 ×10^3 parts/ml and 108–4,162 ×10^3 parts/ml. Most of the measured Ti-containing particles were smaller than 100 nm, and the most frequent size ranges were 36–42 nm in the Keelung River, 38–66 nm in the Xindian River, and 38–76 nm in the Dahan River. This study also confirmed that conventional water treatment can effectively remove Ti-containing particles from raw water, with a removal efficiency of about 83% to 99%. The mass concentration, number concentration and most frequent size ranges of the Ti-containing particles remaining in the finished water were 0.01–0.40 ng/mL, 0.41–260 ×10^3 parts/mL and 42–52 nm, respectively.
參考文獻
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