農藥之安全製劑研究

Study on the safety formulation of pesticide

何明勳(Ming-Hsun Ho)

指導教授 ： 王一雄

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業化學研究所/博士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.02184

摘要

傳統農藥劑型因效率低，暴露風險高，易造成人/畜、作物及環境之危害，其風險主要來自於：主成分之毒性、不安全之助劑、不安全之物理性質及欠缺效率的施藥技術，因而衍生出溶劑、粉塵及施藥過量或不夠精準之負面效果。製劑技術為低成本高報酬且易回收研發成本之研究方向，為改善農藥使用之安全及效率，針對國內數種重要之傳統藥劑，依個案所面臨之問題，研究提高其效率及安全性之改良劑型，以解決個案所面臨之問題，重新型塑該產品價值，為本研究之目的。本研究內容包括：1.免賴得水分散粒劑之研發，並解決其藥害之問題；2.陶斯松水分散粒劑之研發，克服低熔點製劑之困難，改善其有機溶劑及粉塵危害之問題；3.開發益達胺及第滅寧之混合水懸劑，以提高防治效果及減少有機溶劑使用；4.研發漂浮分散劑型，解決水田施藥耗工不便之問題。
研究結果顯示：噴霧乾燥技術可應用於免賴得水分散粒劑之製造，添加六甲撐四胺 (Hexamethylenetetramine, HMTA)可有效降低致藥害性不純物二丁脲(Dibutylurea, DBU)之含量；陶斯松原體以藻膠微膠囊化改質，可克服其熔點太低不易加工之缺點，而成功製成無溶劑及粉塵之水分散性粒劑 (Water dispersible granule, WG) 安全劑；益達胺及第滅寧之混合水懸劑則混合兩種不同作用機制之殺蟲劑，以增加藥效及防治對象，減少有機溶劑之使用，經配方篩選Tersperse 2500為最佳分散劑；漂浮分散劑型則建立以比重調整及界面化學之方法，改製現有水田用藥，使其可於水面漂浮且自動分散之技術。

關鍵字

免賴得 ； 陶斯松 ； 製劑 ； 水分散粒劑 ； 水懸劑 ； 漂浮劑 ； 藥害

並列摘要

Low application efficiency and high exposure risk are the defects of traditional pesticide formulations. They cause hazard to nontarget organisms, crop damage and environmental contamination.
The high risk of traditional pesticide formulations were due to its highly toxic ingredients, unsafe adjuvant, dangerous physical characters and lack of effective application techniques. These induced the negative effects of hazardous organic solvent, drifting dust, over dose and unprecised application.
New formulation techniques are worth to develop because of low cost and high refundment. In order to improve the efficiency and safety of pesticide application, this research focused on 4 important traditional pesticides in Taiwan, and tried efforts to improve products’ quality and safety by new formulation. The result and purpose of this research are expected to re-establish the traditional pesticides’ value. These studies including: 1, to develop a non-phytotoxic and dustless safe formulation of benomyl, water dispersible granule with safener addition; 2, to solve the problems of organic solvent and dust drift of chlorpyrifos, develop a water dispersible granule formulation by improving the low melting point character of chlorpyrifos; 3, to develop a suspension concentrate (SC) of imidacloprid and deltamethrin complex, not only to reduce the use of organic solvent but to improve the efficacy; 4, to develop a convenient and labor saving formulation for paddy field application, the floatable dispersing formulation.
The results of this research showed that: spray dry technique can be applied on the manufacture of benomyl water dispersible granule. And fortified hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) can lower the phtotoxic impurity, dibutylurea (DBU), effectively. Encapsulated chlorpyrifos by alginate can prevent the difficulty of low melting point, then, a solvent free and dustless water dispersible granule is achievable. A suspension concentrate (SC) of imidacloprid and deltamethrin complex has been success developed by formulae screening and Dyno-mill milling. The optimum dispersant for this suspension concentration is Tersperse 2500. At last, cartap and probenazole were formulated to two floatable granules. Simply adjust granule’s specific gravity to smaller than one with suitable amounts of paraffin and polyethylene glycol. This can make granules floating on water surface easily as well as release active ingredient slowly.

並列關鍵字

Benomyl ； Chlorpyrifos ； Formulation ； Water dispersible granule ； Suspension concentrate ； Floatable granule ； Phytotoxicity

參考文獻

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