- 學位論文
聚乳酸與水性聚胺酯之合成與性質探討及其應用於無機材料分散性質之研究
Synthesis and Characterization of Polylactic Acid(PLA) and Waterborne Polyurethanes and Application on Inorganic Materials Dispersion Properties
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摘要
本研究主要是使用雙官能基異氰酸酯(Diisocyanate)和不同種類之二元或多元醇(Polyol)及鏈延長劑(chain-extender)進行聚縮合(Polycondesation)反應，製備出多種形狀、不同結構的聚胺酯(polyurethane)，並將製備好的聚胺酯依適合溶劑製成穩定分散劑，探討其結構與無機材料結構之間的交互作用力，使團聚的無機材料可以均勻分散。 分散劑的製備主要分成兩個部分，第一部分是製備星狀、梳狀的聚乳酸聚胺酯(PLA-PU)分散劑，因為市面不易直接取得聚乳酸，因此我使用直接聚合法，將乳酸小分子與乙二醇小分子脫水聚合成聚乳酸二醇。接著，就製備以1,1,1-三羥甲基丙烷(Trimethylolpropane, TMP)作為中心的星狀分散劑，及以木醣醇(Xylitol)作為中心的梳狀分散劑，其兩者分支皆接異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(Isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI)，最外層再接上不同比例的聚乳酸二醇(PLA diol)和不同比例的聚乙二醇(Poly Ethylene Glycol, PEG)及聚丙二醇(Poly Properlene Glycol, PPG)。所製作出的聚胺酯分散劑，可以用於分散顆粒狀材料，如二氧化鈦(TiO2)及二氧化矽(SiO2)。為了檢測其效果，在這篇論文中做了穿透電子顯微鏡(Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM)、粒徑分析(Dynamic Light Scattring, DLS)等測試，證明顆粒狀材料均勻分散在溶液中。此聚胺酯分散劑可以應用在噴劑、染料及油墨，使產品在長時間的靜置後使用也能均勻確實發揮效果。 而第二部分是由不同比例的聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇，再接上異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯及鏈延長劑等，進行乳化反應、鏈延長反應做成直長鏈的高分子水性聚胺酯分散劑。水性聚胺酯分散劑可以有效使多種片狀、無機材料從緊密堆疊的多層結構分層，如石墨可分層成多片的石墨烯，為了檢測其效果，在這篇論文中做了穿透電子顯微鏡、X-光繞射分析圖譜(X-ray Diffraction, XRD)、穿透度(Transmittance)、導電度(Electric Conductivity)等測試，證明材料在溶液中均勻分層。使用此直長鏈的水性聚胺酯分散劑，可以使得無機材料的熱性質(Thermal property)、導電性質(Electric properties)、透明度(Transparency)等特性更佳，可以應用在顏料、導電材料、潤滑劑等工業原料。
並列摘要
Different kinds and constructions of polyurethanes are synthesized with different diisocyanates, polyols and chain-extenders by polycondensation in this research. And then, synthesized polyurethanes are made to stable dispersants according to suitable solvents. After all dispersants are synthesized, we discussed their characterizations, and interforces with several gathered inorganic materials which can be dispersed well in indicate dispersants. Synthesis and application of dispersants are mainly divided into two parts. The first part is about synthesization of star shape and comb shape Polylactic Acid Polyurethane(PLA-PU) dispersants. Since buying PLA on the market is not easy, we use direct synthesization in this research. PLA polyol are synthesized with Lactic acid and ethylene glycol by dehydration and polymerization. After PLA polyol are synthesized, star shape dispersants are centered with Trimethylolpropane and comb shape dispersants are centered with Xylitol, and both are synthesized with Isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) and finally with different proportions of PLA polyol, Poly Ethylene Glycol(PEG) and Poly Properlene Glycol(PPG) in the branches. Grain-shape materials like TiO2 and SiO2 are well-dispersed in these PLA-PU dispersants. In order to check the effects in dispersants, the samples are examined by Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM), Dynamic Light Scattring(DLS) and several instruments in this research, which proved that Grain-shape materials are well-dispersed in PLA-PU dispersants. For applications, these PLA-PU dispersants can be added in spray, dye and ink etc. for its excellent and exact dispersion effects even if the solutions stand for a long time. The second part is about synthesization of waterborne polyurethanes(WPU) dispersants with IPDI, different proportions of PEG, PPG, and finally chain-extenders by emulsification and polymerization. Layer inorganic materials are dispersed in these WPU dispersants, like graphite can be dispersed to several slices of graphene. In order to check the effects in dispersants, the samples are examined by TEM, X-ray Diffraction(XRD), UV/VIS Spectrophotometer and several instruments in this research, which proved that layer inorganic materials are well-dispersed in these WPU dispersants. For applications, these WPU dispersants can be added in pigments, electronic materials, lubricants and several industrial materials for dispersants can promote inorganic materials’ thermal property, conductivity, transparency and many properties.
參考文獻
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