飛航紀錄器水下偵蒐系統建置之研究

Study and Development of Underwater Detection System for Flight Recorder

蘇逸芸(I-Yun Su)

指導教授 ： 陳琪芳

國立臺灣大學/工學院/工程科學及海洋工程學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202104132

摘要

本研究目的為建立一套適用於台灣周遭海域之飛航紀錄器水下偵蒐系統。針對台灣現有之水下偵蒐方法進行研究，整合水下定位發報器(Underwater Locator Beacon, ULB)訊號偵測、水下聲學傳播模型及水面無人載具，建立一結合水下聲學傳播模型及水面無人載具之搜索系統。本研究將分為兩個部分，分別是飛航紀錄器水下偵蒐演算法及遠端即時偵蒐介面開發，偵蒐演算法首先將針對水下定位發報器(Underwater Locator Beacon, ULB)的訊號做一標準化匹配濾波器(Normalized Matched Filter, NMF)進行水下定位發報器之訊號偵測，針對有偵測訊號之點位，基於高斯射線群法(Gaussian Beam Tracing Method)，依據台灣周遭水域之水文、地形、底質資料庫建立水下聲學傳播模型，以聲波互換理論計算接收訊號位置至海底之十六方位音傳損耗，代入被動聲納方程式計算信號餘額及偵測機率，統計分析後提供搜索熱區建議。飛航紀錄器水下偵蒐介面是以MOOS-IvP撰寫之載具任務規劃介面及以MATLAB撰寫之偵測結果顯示介面組成，可提供搜索人員即時於遠端監看偵蒐結果。本研究將由頻域求解時序列接收訊號，以8.8 kHz水下定位發報器訊號為聲源，於台灣東部水深約3000公尺處進行系統驗證，比較水深5公尺、50公尺，海面風速5節、10節、15節產生之環境噪音對8.8 kHz水下定位發報器訊號接收及落點分析之影響。

關鍵字

飛航紀錄器水下偵蒐 ； 高斯射線群法 ； 標準化匹配濾波器 ； 音傳損耗 ； 被動聲納方程式

並列摘要

A flight recorder is installed in every aircraft to record the flight status. When an aviation accident occurs, this recorder can help clarify the cause of the incident. Furthermore, when the plane crashes into the ocean, the underwater locater beacon (ULB) inside the flight recorder will be triggered and make a sound to let the rescue people find the location of the recorder. As to find it as soon as possible, it is important to fully understand the signal of the ULB and how it propagates underwater. As Taiwan is surrounded by the sea with rugged topography, especially in the eastern Taiwan waters, underwater acoustic propagation is more complicated. In order to improve the rescue efficiency, the study develops a flight recorder underwater detection system for Taiwan. The system is divided into two parts, flight recorder underwater detection algorism, and real-time remote monitoring system. The detection algorism first uses the normalized matched filter (NMF) to detect the signals of underwater locator beacons, and then builds an underwater acoustic prorogation model on every point where the ULB signals are detected, base on Gaussian Beam Tracing Method according to the local topography, geology, and oceanographic data to calculate the transmission loss. Using passive sonar equation to calculate the detection probability, and analyze the results to advise the hot zone, which means a higher probability can find the flight recorder. The study also develops a user interface based on MATLAB and MOOS-IvP for real-time remote monitoring of the vehicle status and the real-time detection results. The study uses the 8.8 kHz ULB signal as the source and simulates the received signals in different wind speed level ocean noise in sea area about 3000 meters deep of waters off Hualien’s east coast to verify the algorithm of the system.

並列關鍵字

flight recorder underwater detection ； Gaussian Beam Tracing Method ； Normalized Matched Filter (NMF) ； transmission loss ； passive sonar equation

參考文獻

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