軌道車輛行駛遇地震時之動態模擬與安全評估

Dynamic Simulation and Safety Investigation of Rail Vehicles in Consideration of Earthquakes

洪介仁(Chieh-Jen Hung)

指導教授 ： 吳文方

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.02372

摘要

國內外對於軌道車輛行駛遭遇地震的研究並不常見，因此，本論文模擬遭遇地震時列車之動態響應與安全評估。論文中，利用一組具有16個自由度的軌道車輛模型，考慮包括車輪圓錐度、軌道不平整、輪軌接觸潛滑力等因素，建立出完整的車輛動態系統，並以Runge-Kutta數值法求解系統的動態響應。我們爰引台北捷運電聯車車輛為探討的對象，並以適當的參數代入車輛動態分析模型中，在經過與實車測試數據比對，驗證本模擬之可信度後；另探討列車在不同行駛速度下的穩定度、遭遇地震或過彎行駛時的動態響應等問題，並於這些情況下，以Nadal ratio與輪軸減重率來評估台北捷運規定列車遭遇四級地震，就應立即停車的規定是否合理。經本模型模擬的結果顯示，我們所分析的捷運列車無論是在平面段、還是高架段直線穩定行駛時，若遇四級、甚或五級地震來襲，僅會產生輪緣接觸之不穩定，但不論以Nadal ratio或輪軸減重率來評斷，皆似不會有出軌的可能。此外，依據列車行經曲線段動態分析模擬的結果，我們發現除了Nadal ratio上限值外，還必須輔以輪軸減重率標準來評估其是否出軌，如此才能真正確保列車行駛之絕對安全。

關鍵字

軌道車輛 ； 動態模擬 ； 軌道不平整 ； 穩定度 ； 地震 ； 出軌 ； 彎軌

並列摘要

The present study focuses on the dynamic simulation and safety investigation of rail vehicles in consideration of earthquakes. The mathematical model consists of a semi-vehicle system having 16-degree-
of-freedom, and quantities such as conicity, creep force and track irregularity are considered. Based on the model, some numerical simulation results are verified by the field test data of a certain kind of train operated by Metro Taipei System. After the verification, dynamic responses of the front wheelset of the train running at different speeds are obtained, and the stability of the train is discussed accordingly. It is found that dynamic instability occurs when the train runs at the speed around 155 km/hr. With regard to the safety when an earthquake occurs during the train’s stationary cruise, Nadal ratio limit and a wheel load reduction criterion are used for judgments. It is found that the train is safe running on either the ground or elevated bridges when an earthquake as large as that recorded in Taipei during the famous Chi-Chi earthquake occurs suddenly. Moreover, it is found that both Nadal ratio limit and the wheel load reduction criterion should be used to investigate the safety of the train when the train runs on curved tracks.

並列關鍵字

Railway Vehicle ； Dynamic Simulation ； Track Irregularity ； Stability ； Earthquake ； Derailment ； Curved track

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