中國加入WTO後韓中經貿關係之研究

China's Accession into the WTO and Its Trade with Korea

郭芝熙(Ji-Hee Kwak)

指導教授 ： 唐代彪

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.02359

摘要

本研究將分析期間區分為中國加入WTO前後，同時，把中國加入WTO的影響區分為市場效果與競爭效果而檢討中國加入WTO對韓國的影響。
首先，透過韓中之間的貿易現況、結構與相互出口產品佔有率及競爭力變化，探討中國加入WTO對韓國的市場效果。韓中關係日益密切，中國已經成為韓國最大貿易夥伴，而韓國的對中貿易順差持續增加，中國加入WTO以後，韓中貿易逆差更加擴大。換言之，韓國正在充分享受中國加入WTO帶來的市場效果。並且，透過中間財與資本財為中心的貿易結構變化與韓中之間的相互出口產品佔有率及競爭力變化，可以看出中國對技術產品的競爭力更為加強而韓中之間的產業內貿易開始迅速發展起來。
其次，至於中國加入WTO的競爭效果，本研究分析對美國與日本的韓中出口市場與產品競爭狀態。從出口市場競爭來看，韓中主要出口市場很相似。根據以Wong的公式計算的結果，出口市場相似度從1998年的0.7959增加至2005年的0.8517，這便證明韓中之間的出口市場競爭愈來愈激烈。然而中國加入WTO卻沒有導致出口市場競爭更加激烈的結果。
對出口產品競爭而言，本研究先以Lawrence Index（LI）與Beneficial Index（BI）觀察韓中對美國與日本的貿易結構是否有變化，進而透過出口產品相似度、Trade Specialization Index（TSI）與Revealed Comparative Advantage（RCA），比較分析韓中的對美國與日本的出口產品競爭情勢。根據其分析結果，中國加入WTO以後，韓中對美國與日本的出口產品競爭逐漸激烈，而且對於在韓國出口佔很大比重的產品（HS72~83（鋼鐵）、HS85（電機電子）、HS87(汽車)與HS84(機械類)），中國逐漸增強其競爭力。因此，為了因應面臨與中國的競爭愈來愈激烈的情況，韓國必須要做技術改善，並改變較容易維持技術優勢的產業以及中國需求將增加的產品產業結構。

關鍵字

WTO ； 韓中關係 ； 韓中貿易 ； 出口貿易 ； 市場競爭 ； 產品競爭

並列摘要

This paper analyzes the impact of China’s accession into the WTO and it’s effect on Korea before and after China’s entry into the WTO and examines its market effect and competition effect.
First I examine the present trade situation, structure and change of mutual market share of export product and the competitive power between Korea and China, based on the market effect of China’s accession into the WTO on Korea. Presently, Korea and China’s trade relationship is emerging stronger by the day. China has already become Korea's biggest trade partner. Since China’s entry into the WTO, Korea’s trade surplus for China has continued to increase, and the trade deficit between Korea and China has also continued to enlarge. In other words, Korea is benefiting from the market effect caused by China’s accession into the WTO. Through the change of trade structure, mutual market share of export product and the competitive power between Korea and China, centering on intermediate goods and capital goods, we can also see in the technologiacal industry China’s influence is increasing and intra-industry between Korea and China is rapidly developing.
I will examin how China’s accession into the WTO effected its competitive market, as well as analyzes the current competitive commodity state of Korea and China’s exports to the United States and Japan. Based on Korea and China’s exports, their export markets are very similar. According to the computation result from Wong’s formula, export market overlap has increased from 0.7959 in 1998 to 0.8517 in 2005. This certifies that the competitive export market between Korea and China has been grown in intensity.
Furthermore, this study examines whether exports from Korea and China to the United States and Japan has changed with the Lawrence Index(LI) and the Beneficial Index(BI). I will also analyzes the competitive state of export commodity from Korea and China to the United States and Japan using the Export Commodity Overlap Index, Trade Specialization Index(TSI) and Revealed Comparative Advantage(RCA).
According to the results, after China’s entry into the WTO, export commodity competition of Korea and China to the United States and Japan has gradually increased. What is more, China’s competitive power for the following commodities: HS72~83(steel and iron), HS85(electrical machinery and equipment), HS87(automobile) and HS84(machinery) dominates the four major export goods of Korea. Therefore, to overcome the present threat of China’s increasingly strong competitive market and products, Korea must make technological improvements, and modify their goods industry to easily maintain technological superiority and continue to increase China's demand for Korean goods.

並列關鍵字

WTO ； Korea ； China ； Trade ； Export ； Market competition ； Commodity competition

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