- 學位論文
台灣地區犬壁蝨媒介性疾病的調查： Ⅰ. 犬壁蝨媒介性疾病盛行率 Ⅱ. 犬壁蝨分類與地域分布間之關聯性
The Research of Canine Tick-borne Diseases in Taiwan: Ⅰ. Prevalence of Tick-borne Diseases Ⅱ. Tick Identification and Geographic Distribution
摘要
台灣位處東亞，氣候為熱帶到副熱帶季風，因此壁蝨為台灣犬隻常見的外寄生蟲。在台灣，犬隻常見的壁蝨媒介性疾病，包括焦蟲症 (babesiosis) 、艾利希體症 (ehrlichiosis) 及邊蟲症 (anaplasmosis)。然而，過去台灣研究多數聚焦在特定地區的犬隻，忽略壁蝨與病原分佈的關係。因此，本研究旨在探討台灣犬壁蝨媒介性疾病盛行率以及犬壁蝨分類與地域分布間之關聯性。 在本研究，我們收集389個自2015到2017年台灣各地區身上帶有壁蝨之犬隻血液樣本。分別於台灣北部收集258隻犬隻，中部86隻犬隻及南部45隻犬隻，並使用分子生物學檢測台灣犬常見種壁蝨媒介性病原—焦蟲 (Babesia vogeli, Babesia gibsoni)、艾利希體 (Ehrlichia canis)、邊蟲 (Anaplasma platys)、親血性黴漿菌 (Mycoplasma haemocanis, Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum)。 本研究結果顯示，犬隻壁蝨媒介性疾病分子生物學檢測之盛行率為B. gibsoni 15.7%、B. vogeli 9.5%、A. platys 4.6%、Ca. M. haematoparvum 2.8%、E. canis 1.5%以及M. haemocanis 0.8%。將壁蝨的分佈及 B. gibsoni的陽性率作分析， B. gibsoni的盛行率與Haemaphysalis hystricis的分佈相符，大部分分布在台灣北部地區，少部分在中部地區。感染B. vogeli犬隻則與壁蝨Riphicephalus sanguineusi所在位置相符，分布全台。本研究結果可提供畜主參考高風險地區旅遊的危險性及犬隻壁蝨預防的重要性。另外，本研究也提供臨床獸醫在犬壁蝨媒介疾病區別診斷的重要參考。
並列摘要
Taiwan is located in East Asia and the climate is from subtropical to tropical. Ticks are common ectoparasites on dogs in Taiwan. Tick-borne diseases e.g. babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and hemoplasmosis have been reported in dogs in Taiwan, where information on the epidemiology of the disease is still limited. The objective of our study was to survey the epidemiology of different tick-borne pathogens from ticks infesting dogs in Taiwan. A total of 389 blood samples were collected from 389 roaming and free ranging owned dogs at various residential sites in Taiwan between January 2015 and December 2017. The prevalence of Babesia gibsoni, B. vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Mycoplasma haemocanis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum was determined by PCR. Of 258, 86 and 45 dogs were collected from north, middle and south of Taiwan, respectively. The prevalence of B. gibsoni, B. vogeli, E. canis, A. platys, M. haemocanis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum were 15.7% (61/389), 9.5% (37/389), 1.5 % (6/389), 4.6% (18/389), 0.8% (3/389) and 2.8% (11/389), respectively. Most positive B. gibsoni dogs were found in the northern part of the country, whereas a few were found in the middle part. None of the dogs in the south were infected with B. gibsoni, which correlated with the absence of Haemaphysalis hystricis, a tick recently identified as the local vector for B. gibsoni. B. vogeli was more equally distributed coinciding with the occurrence of R. sanguineus, which tick is present throughout Taiwan. Present results are important for owners to make a good ectoparasital prevention and either avoid to travel with dogs to the epidemic area or very seriously prevented. Besides, these findings also provide good information for veterinarians to make differential diagnosis.