臺灣甘藍運銷通路體系改善之關鍵因素研究

臺灣地處亞熱帶，四季生產的蔬果種類多樣化，這幾年極端氣候產生及受限山林水土保育意識抬頭影響，風險倍增，往往造成農業生產成本增加以及產量銳減，進而導致蔬果單價高漲。而豐收時，產量大增，因台灣國內市場胃納量有限，可能造成供過於求，市場單價大跌之現象。甘藍是臺灣重要的蔬菜之一，不管在種植面積、種植產量、批發市場占有率等皆是具相當程度的比重，菜價起伏也受甘藍所影響，可見甘藍之重要性，但卻常見甘藍供貨數量及價錢大起大跌，影響整個市場供需，而甘藍運銷通路體系內各角色有調節販售的作用，期能穩定整個市場的供需平衡。有鑒於此，本研究之目的為蒐集與整理國內甘藍產業的基礎資料與相關文獻，依據相關文獻及專家建議設計專家問卷，透過AHP層級分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)，分析問卷內容，以瞭解要素間之間的權重，進而探討臺灣甘藍運銷通路體系改善之關鍵因素。在層級架構上，本研究將其分為三個階段，層級一為研究目的；層級二為四個構面，分別為「物流」、「商流」、「金流」及「資訊流」；層級三則為層級二之構面下的各種因素。依據分析結果可知，層級二中以「金流」重要程度最高；在層級三中「物流」構面之「儲存條件」重要程度最高；在「商流」構面下「交易條件內容」重要性最高；在「金流」構面中以「價差問題」重要性最高；在「資訊流」構面方面，則以「規格分級」重要性最高，透過上述之結果，可做為臺灣甘藍運銷通路體系改善之關鍵因素，研究成果可做為生鮮蔬菜販售調節之參考所用，並以甘藍為範本，套用在其他農產品上，讓臺灣農業升級，增加農業在國際間的競爭力。

關鍵字

運銷通路； AHP層級分析法；甘藍；關鍵因素

並列摘要

Taiwan is located in the subtropical area. In each year, various types of fruits and vegetables produced. In recent years, extreme climates and limited consciousness of water and soil conservation in in mountainous area has not only increased the cost of agricultural production, but the quantity of output had decreased, which leads to the rising of price. During the harvest, the output increased drastically. However, Taiwan's domestic market is limited, and that may lead to oversupply and the price of the market will fall sharply. Cabbage is one of the most important vegetables in Taiwan. Regardless of the planting area, output, and the market share of the wholesale market, it has considerable market share. The price fluctuation of the vegetables is also affected by cabbage, so the importance of cabbage can be understand. The quantity and price of goods have changed drastically, which has affected the supply and demand of the entire market. Every members of the cabbage transportation and distribution system plays their own role of regulating sales, stabilizing the supply and balancing the demand of the market. The purpose of this study is to collect and sort out the basic data and related literature of the domestic cabbage industry, designing expert questionnaires based on relevant literature and the advice form experts, analyzing the contents of the questionnaire through AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP), understanding the weights among the elements, and then exploring the key factors for the improvement of Taiwan's cabbage distribution channel. In the hierarchical structure, this study divides it into three levels. Level one is for research purposes. Level two contains four aspects, namely "logistics", "Business Flow", "Payment Flow" and "Information Flow"; The level three are the various factors under the level two. According to the results of the analysis, "Payment flow" is the most important factor for the level two; and the "storage conditions" is the most important factor of “Logistic”; “transaction conditions” is the most important factor of "Business Flow", "Spread" is the most important factor for “Payment flow”; for the "information flow", the "Specification and Grading" has the highest importance. Through the above results, it can be regarded as the key factors of system improvement for Taiwan’s cabbage distribution channel. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the regulation of fresh vegetable sales, and try to apply it to other agricultural products, upgrading Taiwan's agriculture, increasing the competitiveness in the international community.