不同結果位置採收之椪柑對低溫檢疫處理引起之傷害、表皮蠟質形態及果實品質之差異

Differences in Peel Injury by Low-temperature Quarantine Treatment, PericarpWax Morphology, and Fruit Qualuty of ‘Ponkan’ Mandarins Harvested from Different Positions of the Trees.

黃筱妮(Hsiao-Ni Huang)

指導教授 ： 劉富文

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.02315

摘要

摘要
本試驗之目的在比較採自不同結果位置之椪柑(Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. ‘Ponkan’)，經低溫檢疫處理而受傷的程度差異。第一年，將著生於樹冠外及樹冠內的椪柑進行相隔14日的兩次採收；採後置於15℃ 15日，然後模擬低溫檢疫(0~1℃)處理15日。處理後的果實移置15℃，每隔5日觀察發生寒害之程度。結果發現採自樹冠外的椪柑發生果皮傷害(疑似寒害)的比率高於採自樹冠內的椪柑；第二次採收的椪柑發生寒害的比率也高於第一次採收的椪柑。第二年於公館地區進行相隔14日的兩次採收西南向樹冠外、西南向樹冠中、東北向樹冠內三個不同結果位置的椪柑後各分兩等份置於15℃ 5日與15日；另於公老坪地區將西南向樹冠外與東北向樹冠內兩個不同結果位置的椪柑採收後置於15℃ 15日。然後模擬低溫檢疫(0~1℃)處理15日。處理後的果實移至15℃，每隔5日觀察發生寒害之程度。結果採自樹冠外的椪柑發生果皮傷害(疑似寒害)的比率較高，平均寒害程度也較嚴重。除了第一年第一次採收、第二年第二次採收延遲5日再低溫檢疫處理及第二年於公老坪地區採收的椪柑轉色程度與寒害發生率無顯著關係之外，其餘的處理在採收時椪柑的轉色程度越高，寒害率也越高。以掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察，採自東北樹冠內部未受陽光直射的椪柑果皮蠟質平滑完整，無明顯破損與裂縫；採自西南樹冠中部的椪柑果實表皮蠟塊堆疊的現象減少並且表面有一些裂縫；而採自西南樹冠外圍且受陽光直射的果實，受陽光直射的部分表皮蠟質凹凸不平，有很多下陷孔洞，並有大而深的裂縫。推測強光對椪柑果皮蠟質的生合成有影響，進而降低對低溫的抵抗能力。
第一年試驗結果，著果位置對椪柑果實品質沒有一定影響。但第二年於公館地區採收不同結果位置的椪柑，著果位置對果實糖度與糖/酸比有影響。採自西南樹冠外圍的椪柑糖度與糖/酸比較高，但西南樹冠外採收的椪柑果實受日光直射的一半面果瓣有乾米的現象。不同採收時間對椪柑的酸度與糖/酸比有影響，較遲採收的椪柑酸度較低、糖/酸比較高。在公老坪地區採收的椪柑，著果位置對果汁率、酸度與糖/酸比有顯著影響，採自西南樹冠外的椪柑果實榨汁率與糖/酸比較高、酸度較低。

關鍵字

椪柑 ； 檢疫處理 ； 著果位置 ； 寒害 ； 品質 ； 蠟質形態

並列摘要

Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to find whether there is a difference in the susceptibility to simulated low-temperature quarantine treatment induced rind injury among ‘Ponkan’ mandarins (Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. ‘Ponkan’) harvested from different positions of the tree canopy. In the first year, ponkans were harvested twice, 14 days apart, from exterior and interior of the tree canopy. The fruit was kept at 15℃ for 15 days, low-temperature treated at 0~1℃for 15 days, and then stored at 15℃ for 15 days. The treatment caused less rind injury in the fruit harvested from the interior than that harvested from the exterior of the trees. The fruit harvested 14 days later had more injury than the fruit harvested earlier from similar positions. In the second year, ponkans were harvested from the same orchard again, twice at a 14-day internal, from exterior facing southwest, at canopy facing southwest, and interior facing northeast. They were kept at 15℃ for either 5 days or 15days before simulated low-temperature quarantine treatment. In addition, some ponkans were harvested from exterior of the southwest side and interior of the northeast side of trees grown on a different orchard in a different location called Konglauping. The fruit harvested from Konglanping was kept at 15℃ for 15 days before low temperature treatment. All fruits after completion of simulated low-temperature quarantine treatment were kept at 15℃ for 15 days during which rind injury occurrence was evaluated at 5-day intervals. The fruit harvested from southwest exterior had more rind injuries after the treatment than the fruit harvested from inner parts of trees. Fruit coloration was positively related to the occurrence of rind injury in some but not all experiments. The epicuticular wax layer of the fruit harvested from northeast interior of trees was smooth and continuous without obvious cracks. The wax layer of the fruit harvested from the canopy had some breakage and cracks. The wax layer of the fruit harvested from southwest exterior of the trees had many large cracks, pits and holes. The structure of epicuticular wax may play a role in the development of low-temperature injury in citrus fruit.
In the first-year experiment, no correlation between the bearing position and fruit quality was found. In the second-year experiments, the soluble solid content and soluble solids/ titratable acid ratio of the fruit harvested from southwest exterior of trees tented to be higher than the fruit harvested from inner parts of the tree canopy, however. The percentage of juice, and soluble solids/ titratable acid ratio of the fruit harvested from southwest exterior of trees in Konglanping tended to be higher and acidity tended to be lower than the fruit harvested from inner parts of the tree canopy.

並列關鍵字

‘Ponkan’ mandarin ； low-temperature quarantine treatment ； position of the tree canopy ； chilling injury ； quality ； morphology of epicuticular wax

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