- 學位論文
《宣室志》主題探析及其寓意
The Research of Xuanshizhi’s Themes and Implications
摘要
晚唐小說的創作趨勢又重回到志怪小說的書寫，並以小說「集」方式來創作，藉由志怪故事反映現實生活，寄託思想及寓意。本論文試圖以晚唐小說家張讀創作的《宣室志》為研究主體，藉由「諧隱精怪故事」、「歷史軼聞與異兆」、「佛教神異敘事」三個面向，深入探究小說所反映的時代文化及思想。首先，在中唐興起一系列的諧隱精怪故事，多為調笑、逞才之作，缺乏託諷寄寓。《宣室志》於敘事手法展現其文采，在隱語及諧趣的構設上，有承繼亦有突破。不僅如此，更將個人生命省思寄託於內，開創出此類型故事的新變革。其次，《宣室志》有不乏故事記述當代事件，蒐羅唐代的歷史軼聞，涉及當代名相甚至國朝，張讀以後設的觀點，認為事件的發生都是有兆可循，無論是仕宦的榮辱，抑或是國祚的興衰，皆歸諸於命定論，由此可見，晚唐文人對於世變時代的憂患意識。最後，本文探討《宣室志》的佛教故事，佛教於唐代興盛，亦為小說家常見的書寫題材，尤其於亂世之中，更可見宗教帶來的撫慰與安定。張讀描繪佛教人、事、物所呈現出的神異表現，其中亦彰顯佛教以神通濟世的力量，部分篇章亦蘊含佛教教義與思想，藉由果報思想勸人為善及戒殺，可見當時晚唐文化受到佛教的廣大影響。綜而言之，本論文透過上述三大面向，探討《宣室志》的寓意思維，掘發作者以志怪小說反映時代社會的創作意圖。
並列摘要
The writing trend of novels in the late Tang Dynasty returned to the writing of the supernatural novels. The author reflects life and expresses thought and implication through the supernatural stories. This thesis mainly focuses on a Tang Dynasty novel called Xuanshizhi（宣室志,853）, written by Zhang Du（張讀,833-889）.Through three aspects of research: “Xie-yin spirit” stories, historical anecdotes and portents, Buddhist divinity narration, this thesis research the culture and thoughts of the era reflected in the novel. First of all, the middle Tang Dynasty appears many “Xie-yin spirit” stories , “Xie-yin spirit” stories were often denounced by literary criticism because of meaningless, considered as a literati’s game to show off erudition. However, Xuanshizhi not only presents the author’s talent, but we can also find the implication from literature. Xuanshizhi created a new revolution in this type of stories. Secondly, Xuanshizhi describe contemporary events, collecting historical anecdotes in the Tang Dynasty. It involves famous chancellors and empire. Zhang Du believed that all the things happen for the reason. Regardless of the promotion of one's position, or the rise and fall of the empire happened because of fate. We could find literati anxiety about the era of change in late Tang dynasty. The last of all, I discuss the Buddhist stories in Xuanshizhi. Buddhism flourished in the Tang Dynasty which became a common subject for novelists. Especially in troubled times, the comfort and stability brought by religion are important. It also shows the power of Buddhism to help the world with divine powers. Some stories also contain Buddhist doctrines, through the thoughts of retribution to persuade people to good and abstain from killing. It can be seen that the culture of the late Tang dynasty was greatly influenced by Buddhism. To sum up, this thesis attempts to find out the implication of Xuanshizhi that reflects the creation intention of the era and society with the supernatural novels.